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司马光与理学的关系问题是一个争论了近千年的学术公案。从理学理论的根本特质来看,尽管司马光藉由中和论建立了一个思辨性较强的思想体系,对理学的保护与传承发挥了重要作用,但因其在体用思维这一根本点上的缺失,致使无论从其哲学的思辨性、义利观,还是对佛道的态度来看,皆与张载、二程等理学家有相当的距离。基于其独特的经典选择和理论建构,不可简单将其归于理学家的行列,所谓司马光属于“理学之重要创立者”“理学之偏师”和“理学非主流派”的说法都是难以成立的。
The relationship between Sima Guang and Neo-Confucianism is an academic case that has been debated for nearly a thousand years. Judging from the fundamental traits of the theory of neo-Confucianism, Sima Guang plays an important role in the protection and inheritance of Neo-Confucianism by establishing a strong ideological system by means of Neutralization. However, On the lack of it, no matter from its philosophical speculative, righteousness and benefit view, or the attitude of Buddhism and Taoism, all with Zhang Zai, Cheng Er and other physicians have a considerable distance. Based on its unique classical choice and theoretical construction, it is not easy to attribute it to the ranks of Neo-Confucianists. The so-called Sima Guang belongs to the “important founder of Neo-Confucianism” The statement is difficult to set up.