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为了降低驾驶员头部声腔噪声,基于统计能量分析(Statistical Energy Analysis,SEA)原理,将汽车划分为79个结构子系统和8个声腔子系统。采用导纳法对复杂结构子系统的模态密度进行仿真,利用稳态能量流方法计算得到复杂结构的内损耗因子,计算了子系统间的耦合损耗因子。试验测量了动力总成振动和路面随机输入对车身的激励,测试了发动机舱声激励,建立了轿车的CFD模型,对车外风激励进行了仿真。在上述研究工作的基础上建立SEA分析模型,分析预测了驾驶员头部的噪声,通过试验对比,验证了统计能量分析模型的准确性。据此提出降低头部声腔噪声的3种措施并对比,得出最有效的噪声控制措施。
To reduce head noise in the driver’s head, the car was divided into 79 structural subsystems and 8 acoustic cavity subsystems based on the principle of Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). The admittance method was used to simulate the modal density of complex subsystems, the internal loss factor of complex structure was calculated by the steady-state energy flow method, and the coupling loss factor between subsystems was calculated. The test measures the vibration of the powertrain and the random excitation of the vehicle body on the pavement. The acoustic excitation of the engine compartment is tested. The CFD model of the car is established and the wind excitation outside the vehicle is simulated. Based on the above research work, the SEA analysis model is established, the head noise of the driver is analyzed and predicted, and the accuracy of the statistical energy analysis model is verified through experimental comparison. Accordingly, three measures to reduce head acoustical noise are proposed and compared to obtain the most effective noise control measures.