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质料和灵魂的软弱是灵魂中恶的部分原因,两者单独来看都不是灵魂之恶的充分原因,只有当两者结合起来才成为解释灵魂之恶的充分原因。但是它们作为原因的作用并不相同,质料既不是灵魂之恶的充分原因,也不是充分条件;而灵魂的软弱是灵魂之恶的充分条件,但并非充分原因。这是因为质料本身就是恶的,因此总是恶的;而灵魂只有当它非常软弱从而被质料沾染时才是恶的。因此灵魂本身并不是恶的。脱离身体的灵魂从来都不是恶的;即便有质料存在,人类的灵魂也并不必然是恶的。
The weakness of the material and the soul is part of the evil in the soul. Both are not the full reasons for the evil of the soul alone. Only when the two are combined can they become the full explanation of the evil of the soul. However, their role as causes is not the same. Material is neither a sufficient nor sufficient condition for the evil of the soul. The weakness of the soul is a sufficient condition for the evil of the soul, but not a sufficient one. This is because the material itself is evil, so it is always evil; and the soul is evil only when it is so weak that it is contaminated by the material. So the soul itself is not evil. The soul that is detached from the body is never evil; even if there is material, the soul of man is not necessarily evil.