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从等离子体中引出离子束,是气体放电离子源研制中的一个重要课题。与电子枪中从阴极引出电子束相比,有类似之处,即离子离开等离子体后所遵从的基本物理规律(如泊松方程、运动方程和连续方程)和电子离开阴极后所遵从的基本物理规律是一样的。但是也有不同之处,最重要之点是电子枪中的阴极为固态发射体,发射面固定,而离子源中的等离子体却是位形可变的发射体。因此,使得从等离子体中引出离子束的物理过程,变得比电子枪复杂得多。经过不断的研究,人们逐渐认识了从等离子体中引出离子束时的等离子体聚焦过程。
The ion beam extracted from the plasma is an important issue in the development of gas discharge ion source. Similar to the electron beam emitted from the cathode in the electron gun, the basic physical laws (such as the Poisson’s equation, the equations of motion and the continuous equations) the ions follow after leaving the plasma and the basic physics The law is the same. However, there are also differences. The most important point is that the cathode in the electron gun is a solid state emitter whose emission surface is fixed while the plasma in the ion source is a variable shape emitter. Therefore, the physical process of extracting the ion beam from the plasma becomes much more complicated than the electron gun. After continuous research, people gradually come to know the plasma focusing process when the ion beam is extracted from the plasma.