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目的:探讨地震造成人员伤亡差异因素,为防震、减灾及合理迅速救助提供科学依据。方法:主要采用问卷调查法,根据统一制订的伤情调查表和心理自评量表(SAS、SDS)对汶川地震甘肃灾区随机抽取的875例受伤和1426例无伤人群伤亡差异因素进行评估、统计分析。结果:研究发现人员伤亡在年龄、受教育程度、职业、人均年收入、受伤原因、地震时所在地、心理状况等因素方面差异比较明显;另外,365名灾区受伤人群在焦虑和抑郁方面高于本地区无伤人群(P<0.01);灾区无伤人群在焦虑和抑郁方面明显高于全国常模(P<0.01)。结论:地震造成人员伤亡因素差异显著,因此深入研究个人差异因素对地震造成人员伤亡程度的影响及群体心理、行为的变化特点,为防震、减灾、合理迅速救助及实施有效的心理、精神干预,具有重要的社会意义。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the different factors of casualties caused by the earthquake and provide a scientific basis for earthquake relief, disaster reduction and rational and prompt rescue. Methods: 875 cases of casualties and 1426 cases of non-injury casualties randomly selected from the disaster areas in Gansu Wenchuan Earthquake were assessed by questionnaire survey and SAS / SDS according to a unified questionnaire. Statistical Analysis. Results: The study found that casualties were significantly different in terms of age, education level, occupation, annual per capita income, causes of injuries, location of earthquake, psychological status and other factors. In addition, 365 injured people were more anxious and depressive There was no injury in the area (P <0.01). In the disaster area, the number of people without injuries was significantly higher than that in the national norm (P <0.01) in terms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: The factors of casualties caused by the earthquake are significantly different. Therefore, the impact of individual differences on the degree of casualties caused by earthquakes and the changes of the psychological and behavioral changes of the population are deeply studied. For the purpose of earthquake prevention and mitigation, prompt and prompt assistance and effective psychological and spiritual intervention, Has important social significance.