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目的对2010~2014年海门市结核病的流行情况进行分析,为科学防控结核病、降低发病率和死亡率提供依据。方法回顾分析本市疾控中心2010~2014年新登记的结核病例,总结流行病学特征,探讨科学的防控方法。结果 1 2010~2014年海门市共报告结核发病病例2395例,人群平均报告发病率为48.39/10万,涂阳病例发病率为17.03/10万。涂阳病例发病率最高为2010年,自2011年开始明显下降,总体呈下降趋势。2活动性结核5年来各个月份的发病率存在明显差异,12月总发病最低,占全部发病率的5.86%,2月总发病最高,占总发病率的10.79%。总体发病趋势上半年总发病率高于下半年(P<0.05)。3活动性结核男性患者新登记率高于女性,男女之比为2.74∶1。各年龄组病例除15岁以下外,均有较高分布,其中55~64岁年龄组报告发病人数最多,占21.46%(514/2395)。4活动性结核发病最多的是农民,占全部活动性结核病患者的82.51%,远高于其他职业人群。5 13个街道乡镇中,年平均发病率最高的分别是余东镇、三星镇,年平均发病率最低的是海永乡、滨江街道。结论海门市结核病疫情仍不容乐观,发病有一定的季节分布,大多数患者集中在农村,男性发病显著高于女性,且患者分布于各个年龄段,有老龄化趋势,虽然海门是的结核病防控工作取得了阶段性的进展,但结核病流行仍然存在,结核病的防控工作仍然不应放松警惕。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis in Haimen from 2010 to 2014, and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of tuberculosis and reduction of morbidity and mortality. Methods A retrospective analysis of the city’s CDC 2010-2014 newly registered cases of tuberculosis, summarize the epidemiological characteristics of scientific prevention and control methods. Results 1 2395 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Haimen from 2010 to 2014. The average incidence rate of the population was 48.39 / 100000. The incidence of smear positive cases was 17.03 / 100000. The highest incidence of smear-positive cases in 2010, since 2011 decreased significantly, the overall downward trend. The prevalence of active tuberculosis in each of the five months there are significant differences, the lowest incidence in December, accounting for 5. 86% of the total incidence, the highest incidence in February, the total incidence of 10.79%. The overall incidence trend in the first half of the total incidence was higher than the second half (P <0.05). 3 The new registration rate of active tuberculosis male patients is higher than that of women, the ratio of male to female is 2.74: 1. In all age groups except 15 years of age, there is a higher distribution, of which 55 to 64 age group reported the largest number of cases, accounting for 21.46% (514/2395). 4 The most active cases of tuberculosis are peasants, accounting for 82.51% of all active tuberculosis patients, far higher than other occupational groups. Of the 13 townships and townships, the highest average annual incidence rates are Yu Dong Town and Sanxing Town, with the lowest annual average incidence being Haiyong Township and Riverside Street. Conclusions The epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Haimen is still not optimistic. The incidence of tuberculosis is seasonal. Most of the cases are concentrated in rural areas. The incidence of tuberculosis in men is significantly higher than that of women, and the patients are distributed in all age groups. The work has made phased progress, but the epidemic of tuberculosis still exists and the prevention and control of tuberculosis should not be relaxed.