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针对深部高静载及厚硬覆岩破断强动载作用下煤巷复合顶板冲击失稳问题,通过理论分析表明:复合顶板冲击失稳启动条件是岩梁承载、形变及储能能力大幅超限。顶板冲击失稳过程与“一横五纵”模式协同扩展的6条宏观主控裂隙密切相关,致使顶板进入“层间离层-岩梁开裂-动力震裂”的恶性循环甚至瞬间崩落。通过提前使用“顶部高强桁架锚索-顶角斜锚杆-跨中长锚索”进行结构性联控补强,可以抑制顶板冲击失稳。
Aiming at the problem of the impact instability of coal roadway composite roof with deep high static load and thick hard rock under the action of strong dynamic load, the theoretical analysis shows that the starting conditions of composite roof impact instability are that the load, deformation and energy storage capacity of the rock mass exceed the limit. The process of roof impact instability is closely related to the 6 macroscopic main control fractures co-expanded with “a horizontal and five vertical” mode, resulting in the vicious circle of the roof entering “layer separation - rock beam cracking - dynamic shock” and even Instant collapse. The roof impact instability can be suppressed by early use of the “top high strength truss anchor - apex diagonal anchor - a long, medium length anchor” for structural control.