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应急失灵是应急管理实践中普遍存在的现象。本文通过应急管理多案例的归纳研究,初步提出了应急失灵的概念框架。在学理上,应急失灵可以定义“应急管理未能发挥预期功能的情形”。从表现形态来看,应急失灵可以分为总体性失灵、局部性失灵和阶段性失灵。从引发原因来看,应急失灵可以分为结构性失灵、策略性失灵与知识性失灵。应急失灵作为概念框架不仅可以用于描述和解释,还可以用于指导应急管理实践,从应急失灵的表现形式和应急失灵的引发原因着手来治理应急失灵。
Emergency failure is a common phenomenon in emergency management practice. In this paper, through inductive research of emergency management multi-case, the concept frame of emergency failure is preliminarily proposed. In theory, emergency failure can be defined as “emergency management fails to perform its intended function.” From the appearance of form, emergency failure can be divided into overall failure, partial failure and stage failure. From the trigger point of view, emergency failure can be divided into structural failure, strategic failure and knowledge failure. The concept of emergency failure as a conceptual framework can not only be used for description and explanation, but also can be used to guide the emergency management practice, to deal with emergency failure from the manifestation of emergency failure and the cause of emergency failure.