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在全国各省市高考英语试题中，阅读理解的分值普遍为40分，占总分值的四分之一左右，所以常有人说“得阅读者得天下”。但是，高考英语阅读理解的得分情况并不乐观，其中，主旨题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，是考生失分最多的题型，因为这类试题既考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。一般情况下，阅读理解的主旨题可衍生出六种变体，笔者将着重探讨这六种变体及其解题策略，期望对考生有所裨益。
1.中心大意题
文章的中心大意往往与文章体裁有很大关系。议论文主要是论述一个观点，说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，而新闻报道通常是报道一个人物的事迹、一次重大事件等。
做这类题时，关键是要找到主题段，找到主题段后再确定主题句。主题段常作为首段或尾段，而主题句多居于段首或段尾，当然有时也居于段中。找到主题句后将其与所给选项进行对比从而选出答案。如没有主题句，考生就要从该段中找到主题词（组），看哪个选项包含这些词或词组。如没有主题段，考生就要结合各段的大意，归纳出主旨。
这类题的常见提问方式有下列几种：（1）What is the author’s main point？ （2）Which of the following best expresses the main idea？ （3）The main idea/general idea/main theme of this passage is ______. （4）Which of the following best states the theme of passage？
例：（2013年重庆卷）Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels， yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know， however， that they existed over 5，500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5，100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a while， though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces， roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually， road surfaces did become smoother， but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid-1700s， a Frenchman came up with a new design of road— a base layer（层）of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller atones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong， lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time， metal hubs （the central part of a wheel） came into being， followed by the pneumatic tyre （充气轮胎）in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967， sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads（柏油路）. As wheel design took off， vehicles got faster and faster.
67.What is the passage mainly about？
A. The beginning of road design.
B. The development of transport wheels.
C. The history of public transport.
D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
解析：B。这是一篇说明文，文中没有主题段，但通过阅读文章不难发现，各段都在讲述车轮的发展历史，所以B项（车轮的发展）很好地概括了文章大意。 2.标题辨识题
标题辨识题与中心大意题具有共通之处。当文章主旨是一个短语或一句简洁的话时，我们可把它看作标题，但是文章主旨往往是作者写作目的或写作内容的归纳，一般不作为文章标题。此外，标题必须反映文章的中心大意，概括性强，表达精确，这就要求答案的归纳要恰如其分，既不能只提及文中的一个细节，也不能将本文以外的内容概括于其中。
这类题常用的提问方式有：what would be the best title for the text？/Which is the best title for the passage？
例：（2013年安徽卷）Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place. Around 1870， it was experiencing an economic（经济的）boom， and the capital， Buenos Aires， attracted many people. Farmers， as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy， came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. These jobs didn’t pay well， and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city. As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city， the dance known as the tango（探戈舞）came into being.
At the beginning， the tango was a dance of the lower classes. It was danced in the bars and streets. At that time there were many fewer women than men， so if a man didn’t want to be left out， his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually， the dance spread into the upper class of Argentinean society and became more respectable.
In Europe at this time， strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning. The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris. Every kind of dance from ballet（芭蕾舞）to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters of the Paris theaters. After tango dances from Argentina arrived in Europe， they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exiting dance in cafes. Though not everyone approved of the new dance， saying it was a little too shocking， the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.
The popularity（流行）of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world. Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America. It reached Japan in 1926， and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador， and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.
75.What can be the best title for the text？
A. How to Dance the Tango
B. The History of the Tango
C. How to Promote the Tango
D. The Modern Tango Boom
解析：B。这是一篇说明文，文章前两段讲了探戈舞在阿根廷的起源和发展，第三段叙述探戈舞在欧洲的发展，最后一段讲述其在世界其他地方的流行。综合各段内容，全文主旨是介绍探戈舞的起源及其发展史。因此，选B项作为文章的标题非常贴切。
3.写作目的题
写作目的与文章主旨不同，但与其密切相关，是文章主旨的一种变体。文章主旨是文章的中心思想，而写作目的则阐述文章为何要表达这个中心思想，即作者为何写这篇文章。不同的文体，写作目的也不同——广告的写作目的是说服大家去做某事（购物、旅游等）；说明文的写作目的是向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程；研究报告的写作目的是向人们展示某种研究结果；议论文的写作目的是论述一个道理或证明一个观点；记叙文的写作目的是向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情…… 这类题常用的设问形式是：What is the purpose of this text？/What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage？
例：（2013年北京卷）
EP Portable Heater
We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world， the new EP heats better and faster， saves more on heating bills， and runs almost silent.
The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.
The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters， you’ll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.
The advanced EP also heats the room evenly， wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.
The EP comes with a 3-year warranty（保修）and a 60-day， no questions asked， satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied， return it to our expense and your money will be given back to you.
Now， we have a special offer for 10 days， during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that， we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.
Take action right now！
59.The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. persuade people to buy the product
B. advise people to save on heating bills
C. report the new development of portable heaters
D. compare the functions of different heater brands
解析：A。文章先是叙述了这种加热器的种种优点，接着提到了优质服务和价格折扣，再加上最后那句“Take action right now”，不难看出这是一则广告，所以本文的写作目的显然是劝说人们购买这种产品，故选A。
4.段落大意题
要准确概括某段话的大意，必须知道这段话的逻辑结构。如是按“总—分”顺序组织，首句作总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如是按“分—总”顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如是按“分—总—分”的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容去概括出主题句。
这类题有下列常见的提问方式：（1）What does the author express in Paragraph...？ （2）The main idea of the second paragraph probably is_______. （3）The first paragraph is mainly about_______. （4）Which of the following can best summarize Para. 1？
例：（2012年江西卷）For those who make journeys across the world， the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other， allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. 71.What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1？
A. Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.
B. The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.
C. The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.
D. Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.
解析：B。本段的逻辑结构是“总—分”结构。首句就是主题句，后面通过今昔交通方式的对比说明主题“对于喜欢去世界各地旅游的人来说，现在的旅行速度使得在国家之间的旅行就像在村庄之间旅行那样快”。而B项“现代旅行的速度使得距离相对缩短了”与主题句意思一致。
5.作者态度题
解答这类题的关键在于把握好作者对主体事物或文中提及的某一具体事物的态度，在选项中常出现的表达态度的词有positive（肯定的），negative（否定的），objective（客观的），doubtful（怀疑的）等。
文中表现作者态度的方式可能有：加入形容词定语；加入副词状语或一些特殊的动词，如fail（未能），ignore（忽视），overestimate（高估）等表否定态度的词。因此，要了解作者对某一具体事物的态度，要定位到具体相关句，根据该句的相关形容词、副词或动词来确定作者的态度；如问的是对全文主体事物的态度，则要根据与该事物相关的句子中表态度的词来确定。
这类题常用的设问形式是：What is the author’s attitude towards...？/Which of the words best describes the author’s attitude towards...？
例：（2013年江西卷）One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed， a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere， and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the “last paradise（天堂）on earth”.
However， the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays， over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years， Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests， full of wildlife and rare flowers， were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact， the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers， with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.
Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels， roads and airports； the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization； he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain； now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully， the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time， tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not， in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.
75.The author’s attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is ______.
A. optimistic B. doubtful
C. objective D. negative
解析：C。作者在文中先提到旅游业发展的益处，然后通过举例子阐述了旅游业带来的问题和担忧，最后提出旅游业是否有光明的未来取决于对旅游业的管理。综观全文，作者客观陈述了对旅游业的看法，没有添加任何个人情感，故选C。
6.文章来源题
此类题要求考生具备一定的常识，这样，文章的内容才能与考生本身已经具备的常识结合起来。考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点将其与来源对号入座，从而选出最佳答案。
一般而言，广告语言会比较简洁鲜明、有亮点，以发挥宣传并获得认可的作用，有这一特点的文章一般是广告；报刊的内容时事性比较强，分不同的版块，在阅读中采用的报刊类文章一般以政治、生活题材为主；杂志一般就是含括了生活的各个层面、更加贴近幕后的一些东西；如果对某种器皿、设备等作出介绍并提供操作方式，通常是产品说明书；如告知药品的服用时间、次数、药量等则是药品说明；来自网络的文章文体不限，判断标准就是找文中的网络标志语，如click here，download，upload，link（链接），mouse（鼠标）等。
这类题常用的设题形式是：Where does this text probably come from？/Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from？/The passage is probably taken out of______.
例：（2013年安徽卷）The Healthy Habits Survey （调查）shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday？
·Finding： A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step： Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes， at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday？
·Finding： Seniors， on average， bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.
·Step： We touch our faces around 3，000 times a day—often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth， nose， and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And， most important， wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs？
·Finding： Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step： Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else？ To kill these germs， keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
59.The text probably comes from .
A. a guide book B. a popular magazine
C. a book review D. an official document
解析：B。通读全文可知，这是一篇调查报告，本文问了三个有关日常生活的问题，然后分别展示了调查结果，接着提供建议。显然本文主要是面向公众普及日常生活知识，符合杂志中生活版面的文章特点，故选B。
1.中心大意题
文章的中心大意往往与文章体裁有很大关系。议论文主要是论述一个观点，说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，而新闻报道通常是报道一个人物的事迹、一次重大事件等。
做这类题时，关键是要找到主题段，找到主题段后再确定主题句。主题段常作为首段或尾段，而主题句多居于段首或段尾，当然有时也居于段中。找到主题句后将其与所给选项进行对比从而选出答案。如没有主题句，考生就要从该段中找到主题词（组），看哪个选项包含这些词或词组。如没有主题段，考生就要结合各段的大意，归纳出主旨。
这类题的常见提问方式有下列几种：（1）What is the author’s main point？ （2）Which of the following best expresses the main idea？ （3）The main idea/general idea/main theme of this passage is ______. （4）Which of the following best states the theme of passage？
例：（2013年重庆卷）Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels， yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know， however， that they existed over 5，500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5，100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a while， though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces， roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually， road surfaces did become smoother， but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid-1700s， a Frenchman came up with a new design of road— a base layer（层）of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller atones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong， lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time， metal hubs （the central part of a wheel） came into being， followed by the pneumatic tyre （充气轮胎）in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967， sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads（柏油路）. As wheel design took off， vehicles got faster and faster.
67.What is the passage mainly about？
A. The beginning of road design.
B. The development of transport wheels.
C. The history of public transport.
D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
解析：B。这是一篇说明文，文中没有主题段，但通过阅读文章不难发现，各段都在讲述车轮的发展历史，所以B项（车轮的发展）很好地概括了文章大意。 2.标题辨识题
标题辨识题与中心大意题具有共通之处。当文章主旨是一个短语或一句简洁的话时，我们可把它看作标题，但是文章主旨往往是作者写作目的或写作内容的归纳，一般不作为文章标题。此外，标题必须反映文章的中心大意，概括性强，表达精确，这就要求答案的归纳要恰如其分，既不能只提及文中的一个细节，也不能将本文以外的内容概括于其中。
这类题常用的提问方式有：what would be the best title for the text？/Which is the best title for the passage？
例：（2013年安徽卷）Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place. Around 1870， it was experiencing an economic（经济的）boom， and the capital， Buenos Aires， attracted many people. Farmers， as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy， came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. These jobs didn’t pay well， and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city. As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city， the dance known as the tango（探戈舞）came into being.
At the beginning， the tango was a dance of the lower classes. It was danced in the bars and streets. At that time there were many fewer women than men， so if a man didn’t want to be left out， his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually， the dance spread into the upper class of Argentinean society and became more respectable.
In Europe at this time， strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning. The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris. Every kind of dance from ballet（芭蕾舞）to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters of the Paris theaters. After tango dances from Argentina arrived in Europe， they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exiting dance in cafes. Though not everyone approved of the new dance， saying it was a little too shocking， the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.
The popularity（流行）of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world. Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America. It reached Japan in 1926， and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador， and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.
75.What can be the best title for the text？
A. How to Dance the Tango
B. The History of the Tango
C. How to Promote the Tango
D. The Modern Tango Boom
解析：B。这是一篇说明文，文章前两段讲了探戈舞在阿根廷的起源和发展，第三段叙述探戈舞在欧洲的发展，最后一段讲述其在世界其他地方的流行。综合各段内容，全文主旨是介绍探戈舞的起源及其发展史。因此，选B项作为文章的标题非常贴切。
3.写作目的题
写作目的与文章主旨不同，但与其密切相关，是文章主旨的一种变体。文章主旨是文章的中心思想，而写作目的则阐述文章为何要表达这个中心思想，即作者为何写这篇文章。不同的文体，写作目的也不同——广告的写作目的是说服大家去做某事（购物、旅游等）；说明文的写作目的是向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程；研究报告的写作目的是向人们展示某种研究结果；议论文的写作目的是论述一个道理或证明一个观点；记叙文的写作目的是向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情…… 这类题常用的设问形式是：What is the purpose of this text？/What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage？
例：（2013年北京卷）
EP Portable Heater
We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world， the new EP heats better and faster， saves more on heating bills， and runs almost silent.
The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.
The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters， you’ll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.
The advanced EP also heats the room evenly， wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.
The EP comes with a 3-year warranty（保修）and a 60-day， no questions asked， satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied， return it to our expense and your money will be given back to you.
Now， we have a special offer for 10 days， during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that， we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.
Take action right now！
59.The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. persuade people to buy the product
B. advise people to save on heating bills
C. report the new development of portable heaters
D. compare the functions of different heater brands
解析：A。文章先是叙述了这种加热器的种种优点，接着提到了优质服务和价格折扣，再加上最后那句“Take action right now”，不难看出这是一则广告，所以本文的写作目的显然是劝说人们购买这种产品，故选A。
4.段落大意题
要准确概括某段话的大意，必须知道这段话的逻辑结构。如是按“总—分”顺序组织，首句作总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如是按“分—总”顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如是按“分—总—分”的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容去概括出主题句。
这类题有下列常见的提问方式：（1）What does the author express in Paragraph...？ （2）The main idea of the second paragraph probably is_______. （3）The first paragraph is mainly about_______. （4）Which of the following can best summarize Para. 1？
例：（2012年江西卷）For those who make journeys across the world， the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other， allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. 71.What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1？
A. Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.
B. The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.
C. The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.
D. Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.
解析：B。本段的逻辑结构是“总—分”结构。首句就是主题句，后面通过今昔交通方式的对比说明主题“对于喜欢去世界各地旅游的人来说，现在的旅行速度使得在国家之间的旅行就像在村庄之间旅行那样快”。而B项“现代旅行的速度使得距离相对缩短了”与主题句意思一致。
5.作者态度题
解答这类题的关键在于把握好作者对主体事物或文中提及的某一具体事物的态度，在选项中常出现的表达态度的词有positive（肯定的），negative（否定的），objective（客观的），doubtful（怀疑的）等。
文中表现作者态度的方式可能有：加入形容词定语；加入副词状语或一些特殊的动词，如fail（未能），ignore（忽视），overestimate（高估）等表否定态度的词。因此，要了解作者对某一具体事物的态度，要定位到具体相关句，根据该句的相关形容词、副词或动词来确定作者的态度；如问的是对全文主体事物的态度，则要根据与该事物相关的句子中表态度的词来确定。
这类题常用的设问形式是：What is the author’s attitude towards...？/Which of the words best describes the author’s attitude towards...？
例：（2013年江西卷）One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed， a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere， and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the “last paradise（天堂）on earth”.
However， the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays， over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years， Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests， full of wildlife and rare flowers， were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact， the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers， with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.
Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels， roads and airports； the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization； he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain； now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully， the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time， tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not， in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.
75.The author’s attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is ______.
A. optimistic B. doubtful
C. objective D. negative
解析：C。作者在文中先提到旅游业发展的益处，然后通过举例子阐述了旅游业带来的问题和担忧，最后提出旅游业是否有光明的未来取决于对旅游业的管理。综观全文，作者客观陈述了对旅游业的看法，没有添加任何个人情感，故选C。
6.文章来源题
此类题要求考生具备一定的常识，这样，文章的内容才能与考生本身已经具备的常识结合起来。考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点将其与来源对号入座，从而选出最佳答案。
一般而言，广告语言会比较简洁鲜明、有亮点，以发挥宣传并获得认可的作用，有这一特点的文章一般是广告；报刊的内容时事性比较强，分不同的版块，在阅读中采用的报刊类文章一般以政治、生活题材为主；杂志一般就是含括了生活的各个层面、更加贴近幕后的一些东西；如果对某种器皿、设备等作出介绍并提供操作方式，通常是产品说明书；如告知药品的服用时间、次数、药量等则是药品说明；来自网络的文章文体不限，判断标准就是找文中的网络标志语，如click here，download，upload，link（链接），mouse（鼠标）等。
这类题常用的设题形式是：Where does this text probably come from？/Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from？/The passage is probably taken out of______.
例：（2013年安徽卷）The Healthy Habits Survey （调查）shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday？
·Finding： A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step： Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes， at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday？
·Finding： Seniors， on average， bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.
·Step： We touch our faces around 3，000 times a day—often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth， nose， and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And， most important， wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs？
·Finding： Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step： Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else？ To kill these germs， keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
59.The text probably comes from .
A. a guide book B. a popular magazine
C. a book review D. an official document
解析：B。通读全文可知，这是一篇调查报告，本文问了三个有关日常生活的问题，然后分别展示了调查结果，接着提供建议。显然本文主要是面向公众普及日常生活知识，符合杂志中生活版面的文章特点，故选B。