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目的对云南省2011~2015年口服脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(Oral Poliomyelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine,OPV)补充免疫活动(Supplementary Immunization Activities,SIA)进行分析,为维持和巩固无脊灰免疫策略的调整提供参考。方法收集云南省2011~2015年OPV SIA报表和督导评估资料,进行描述性分析。结果在脊灰野病毒(Wild Poliovirus,WPV)输入与传播风险评估的基础上,云南省2011~2015年共在全省范围内开展了6轮OPV SIA,共接种18 539 740剂OPV,每1轮OPV SIA国内儿童和外籍入境儿童报告接种率均>95%。共发现“0剂次”免疫儿童226 027人,占报告应种总数的1.20%;入境外籍儿童和国内儿童“0”剂次比例分别为11.80%、1.03%(χ2=78 180.97,P=0.00),其中1~6岁入境外籍儿童和国内儿童“0”剂次的比例分别为92.66%、17.29%(χ2=32 363.69,P=0.00)。6轮OPV SIA共对189个县次开展了接种率快速评估,平均评估接种率为98.05%,有16个县次评估接种率<95%。结论云南省SIA运转模式成熟,最大限度填补了国内儿童和入境外籍儿童的免疫空白,有效防止了脊灰野病毒与脊灰疫苗衍生病毒(Vaccine Deprived Poliovirus,VDPV)的输入和VDPV循环的发生。
Objective To analyze the Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIA) of Oral Poliomyelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine (OPV) from 2011 to 2015 in Yunnan Province for the purpose of maintaining and consolidating polio-free immunization Strategy adjustment for reference. Methods The OPV SIA report and supervision evaluation data from 2011 to 2015 in Yunnan Province were collected for descriptive analysis. Results Based on the risk assessment of wild poliovirus (WPV) import and transmission, Yunnan Province conducted 6 rounds of OPV SIA across the province from 2011 to 2015, with a total of 18 539 740 doses of OPV. Each round Inoculation rates for both domestic and foreign entry children in the OPV SIA were> 95%. A total of 226,027 immunized children were found, accounting for 1.20% of the total number of reported species. The proportion of foreign children entering the country and that of domestic children was 11.80% and 1.03%, respectively (χ2 = 78 180.97 , P = 0.00). The proportions of foreign children aged 0-6 years with those of domestic children were 92.66% and 17.29% respectively (χ2 = 32 363.69, P = 0.00). Six rounds of OPV SIA conducted a rapid assessment of 189 vaccination counties with an average assessment coverage rate of 98.05% and 16 county-level assessment coverage rates <95%. Conclusion The operation mode of SIA in Yunnan Province is mature, which can fill the gap between domestic children and immigrants in foreign countries as much as possible, and effectively prevent the input of poliovirus and VDPV from entering the VDPV cycle.