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本世纪中叶,各种强大的社会力量横扫美利坚,永远地改变了土著美国人赖以生存的自然环境和政治、经济环境。这些力量包括对被联邦政府所承认的印第安人部落和阿拉斯加土著人承担各种义务的问题上的主要政策转向,民权运动,人口迁移以及交通和通信系统的扩展。面对这些变化,土著社会几百年来赖以保持和留传其传统文化,并借以标定其特性的旧有的人际关系体系土崩瓦解了。
By the middle of this century, various mighty social forces swept the United States and forever changed the natural environment and the political and economic environment upon which indigenous Americans depend. These include the major policy shifts, civil rights movements, population movements and expansion of transport and communications systems on the various obligations of Indian tribes and Alaskan natives recognized by the federal government. In the face of these changes, the old system of interpersonal relationships upon which indigenous communities have retained and retained their traditional culture for centuries and thereby calibrated their identity has collapsed.