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“情景对话”题是近几年中考英语常考的题型之一,其形式灵活多样,旨在考查考生对日常交际英语的理解能力和在具体语境中使用交际英语的能力｡本文拟就该题型的命题方式和解题技巧作一归纳和分析,供同学们学习时参考｡
一､ 编组对话
这种命题方式是分别在栏Ⅰ和栏Ⅱ中给出一定数量的上下句,两栏句子数量可以相等,也可略有差异,要求考生从栏Ⅱ中找出能與栏Ⅰ中各句相对应的答语｡例如:
(Ⅰ) (Ⅱ)
1. How are things going with you? A. Thanks a lot.
2. You look so beautiful in red tonight. B. Quite well, thanks.
3. Would you like to go shopping with me? C. Sure. Here you are.
4. May I borrow your ruler? D. Yes, I’d like to.
5. What’s wrong with you? E. Yes, but only a little.
6. Do you know some English? F. My head hurts.
7. Which do you like better, meat or fish? G. Next to the school.
8. What does your father do? H. Either is OK.
9. May I speak to Jack, please? I. He’s an engineer.
10. Where’s the post office, please? J. Certainly. One moment,
please.
Key: 1-5 BADCF6-10 EHIJG
这类题目主要考查考生在不同语境中使用交际英语的能力｡解题时,要首先分辨栏Ⅰ各句所表示的交际用语的类型和适用语境,然后遵循“由易到难”的做题原则,先把栏Ⅱ所列的日常交际用语中语境明显的应答语找出来,与栏Ⅰ中相对应的交际用语一一配对｡最后通过比较分析来确定较难的应答配对｡
二､ 逻辑编排
这种题目提供一段具有一定意义的语境对话,将其顺序打乱,任意排列｡要求考生根据该对话的逻辑关系,将对话的各个句子按合乎逻辑的自然顺序排列出来｡例如:
① How long have you been like this?
② What’s wrong?
③ It’s nothing serious. Take this medicine and you’ll be all right soon.
④ Since yesterday evening.
⑤ I’ve got a headache.
⑥ Thank you.
A. ⑤④②③①⑥ B. ④⑤①③⑥②
C. ②⑤①④③⑥ D. ①④②⑤③⑥
Key: C
做这类题目时,应首先纵观全局,弄清整段对话所谈的主题｡然后通过各个句子顺序的互相制约,找出首句,理顺各个句子之间的关系,根据逻辑推理,确定句子之间的衔接,排出各句的正确顺序,使该段对话意思完整､通顺｡最后通读一遍,加以验证,确保对话顺序准确无误｡
三､ 选择句子补全对话
这种题目一般是在一段对话中留出五个空行｡要求考生根据对话内容,从方框内所给的五个或七个备选句子中,选择适当的句子分别填入相应的空白处,使补全后的对话意思通顺､前后连贯｡例如:
A: Hello! 3769808.
B: Hello, Kate. I’d like to borrow your Chinese dictionary. I lost mine.
A: Sorry! 1 Could you speak a little clearly and slowly?
B: Yes. Could you lend me your Chinese dictionary? Mine is lost.
A: Sure! When do you want it?
B: 2
A: But it is Sunday tomorrow. I won’t go to school.
B: 3
A: But I’ll go to Miss Wang’s home tomorrow morning. Could you come in the afternoon?
B: Certainly. 4
A: 5 I’ll wait for you.
B: Thank you. Bye.
A: Bye.
A. I’ll go to your home to get it.
B. It’s a very bad line.
C. That would be fine.
D. I’ll arrive between two and three.
E. Tomorrow morning if possible.
Key: 1-5 BEADC
解答这类题目时,首先应跳过空行,快速通读整篇对话,初步了解对话的内容,把握对话的语境,然后再细读对话,准确把握上下文的逻辑关系,并根据上下文所提供的信息,选择答案｡为了验证答案是否正确,最后再通读一遍,看看对话是否通顺､连贯｡
四､ 填单词/句子,补全对话
这种题目的基本形式是A､B两人的对话,在对话中留出若干个空｡要求考生根据相应的要求,在空白处填入适当的单词(有时所填单词的首字母已给出)或句子,使对话意思完整､通顺｡例如:
Betty: Shall I m______ some coffee for you, Jane?
Jane: That’s a good idea, Betty.
Betty: It’s ready. Do you want any milk?
Jane: Just a l______, please.
Betty: What about some s______? Two teaspoonfuls?
Jane: No, less than that. One and a half teaspoonfuls, please. That’s e______ for me.
Betty: That is very nice. Would you like anything e______?
Jane: Yes, please. I’d like a banana, too. May I h______ one?
Betty: Of course. I think there are a few in that basket.
Jane: I’m afraid it’s e______.
Betty: What a pity!
Jane: It doesn’t matter.
Betty: Have an apple i______.
Jane: That’s very g______. Thank you.
Key: make, little, sugar, enough, else, have, empty, instead, good
做这类题目时,要认真阅读上下文,根据具体语境,确定所填单词的适当形式｡若填的是动词,应注意其时态､语态和单复数形式等是否正确｡如果要求填的是句子,应弄清楚上下句之间的逻辑关系,如因果关系､转折关系等｡句与句之间的关系搞清楚了,就容易根据特定语境填入合适的句子｡
总之,做“情景对话”题时,首先要明确对话的主题,确定其测试的交际内容｡其次要结合具体语境,理解对话内容,不可断章取义,贸然答题｡另外,还要注意排除母语干扰,使所填词语或句子符合英美人的交际习惯｡最后还应复读整段对话,验证答案｡
一､ 编组对话
这种命题方式是分别在栏Ⅰ和栏Ⅱ中给出一定数量的上下句,两栏句子数量可以相等,也可略有差异,要求考生从栏Ⅱ中找出能與栏Ⅰ中各句相对应的答语｡例如:
(Ⅰ) (Ⅱ)
1. How are things going with you? A. Thanks a lot.
2. You look so beautiful in red tonight. B. Quite well, thanks.
3. Would you like to go shopping with me? C. Sure. Here you are.
4. May I borrow your ruler? D. Yes, I’d like to.
5. What’s wrong with you? E. Yes, but only a little.
6. Do you know some English? F. My head hurts.
7. Which do you like better, meat or fish? G. Next to the school.
8. What does your father do? H. Either is OK.
9. May I speak to Jack, please? I. He’s an engineer.
10. Where’s the post office, please? J. Certainly. One moment,
please.
Key: 1-5 BADCF6-10 EHIJG
这类题目主要考查考生在不同语境中使用交际英语的能力｡解题时,要首先分辨栏Ⅰ各句所表示的交际用语的类型和适用语境,然后遵循“由易到难”的做题原则,先把栏Ⅱ所列的日常交际用语中语境明显的应答语找出来,与栏Ⅰ中相对应的交际用语一一配对｡最后通过比较分析来确定较难的应答配对｡
二､ 逻辑编排
这种题目提供一段具有一定意义的语境对话,将其顺序打乱,任意排列｡要求考生根据该对话的逻辑关系,将对话的各个句子按合乎逻辑的自然顺序排列出来｡例如:
① How long have you been like this?
② What’s wrong?
③ It’s nothing serious. Take this medicine and you’ll be all right soon.
④ Since yesterday evening.
⑤ I’ve got a headache.
⑥ Thank you.
A. ⑤④②③①⑥ B. ④⑤①③⑥②
C. ②⑤①④③⑥ D. ①④②⑤③⑥
Key: C
做这类题目时,应首先纵观全局,弄清整段对话所谈的主题｡然后通过各个句子顺序的互相制约,找出首句,理顺各个句子之间的关系,根据逻辑推理,确定句子之间的衔接,排出各句的正确顺序,使该段对话意思完整､通顺｡最后通读一遍,加以验证,确保对话顺序准确无误｡
三､ 选择句子补全对话
这种题目一般是在一段对话中留出五个空行｡要求考生根据对话内容,从方框内所给的五个或七个备选句子中,选择适当的句子分别填入相应的空白处,使补全后的对话意思通顺､前后连贯｡例如:
A: Hello! 3769808.
B: Hello, Kate. I’d like to borrow your Chinese dictionary. I lost mine.
A: Sorry! 1 Could you speak a little clearly and slowly?
B: Yes. Could you lend me your Chinese dictionary? Mine is lost.
A: Sure! When do you want it?
B: 2
A: But it is Sunday tomorrow. I won’t go to school.
B: 3
A: But I’ll go to Miss Wang’s home tomorrow morning. Could you come in the afternoon?
B: Certainly. 4
A: 5 I’ll wait for you.
B: Thank you. Bye.
A: Bye.
A. I’ll go to your home to get it.
B. It’s a very bad line.
C. That would be fine.
D. I’ll arrive between two and three.
E. Tomorrow morning if possible.
Key: 1-5 BEADC
解答这类题目时,首先应跳过空行,快速通读整篇对话,初步了解对话的内容,把握对话的语境,然后再细读对话,准确把握上下文的逻辑关系,并根据上下文所提供的信息,选择答案｡为了验证答案是否正确,最后再通读一遍,看看对话是否通顺､连贯｡
四､ 填单词/句子,补全对话
这种题目的基本形式是A､B两人的对话,在对话中留出若干个空｡要求考生根据相应的要求,在空白处填入适当的单词(有时所填单词的首字母已给出)或句子,使对话意思完整､通顺｡例如:
Betty: Shall I m______ some coffee for you, Jane?
Jane: That’s a good idea, Betty.
Betty: It’s ready. Do you want any milk?
Jane: Just a l______, please.
Betty: What about some s______? Two teaspoonfuls?
Jane: No, less than that. One and a half teaspoonfuls, please. That’s e______ for me.
Betty: That is very nice. Would you like anything e______?
Jane: Yes, please. I’d like a banana, too. May I h______ one?
Betty: Of course. I think there are a few in that basket.
Jane: I’m afraid it’s e______.
Betty: What a pity!
Jane: It doesn’t matter.
Betty: Have an apple i______.
Jane: That’s very g______. Thank you.
Key: make, little, sugar, enough, else, have, empty, instead, good
做这类题目时,要认真阅读上下文,根据具体语境,确定所填单词的适当形式｡若填的是动词,应注意其时态､语态和单复数形式等是否正确｡如果要求填的是句子,应弄清楚上下句之间的逻辑关系,如因果关系､转折关系等｡句与句之间的关系搞清楚了,就容易根据特定语境填入合适的句子｡
总之,做“情景对话”题时,首先要明确对话的主题,确定其测试的交际内容｡其次要结合具体语境,理解对话内容,不可断章取义,贸然答题｡另外,还要注意排除母语干扰,使所填词语或句子符合英美人的交际习惯｡最后还应复读整段对话,验证答案｡