Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH ) is a relatively rare syndrome of increased intracranial pressure of unknown etiology. It is characterized by cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) opening pressure more than 250 mm H2O, with normal CSF content and cranial imaging. The report of IIH occuring after correction and internal ifxation for scoliosis is especially uncommon and there is only one study with 2 similar cases reported previously. In this report, we presented a 20-year-old female patient who developed IIH after posterior correction and internal ifxation for congenital scoliosis. IIH appeared at 5 days postoperatively and the patient died due to the irreversible intracranial hypertension although she underwent intensive care and treatment. Also, we presented a brief review of IIH occuring after the surgery for scoliosis.