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采用碳纳米管(CNTs)和聚磷酸铵(APP)阻燃尼龙6(PA6)。结果表明,在1%CNTs(质量分数,下同)及20%APP添加量下,PA6具有优异的阻燃性能。在PA6/APP/CNTs共混物中加入易燃的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS),在0.25%CNTs添加量下,其阻燃性能与添加1%CNTs的PA6/APP/CNTs复合材料相近。TEM观察表明,CNTs在PA6/ABS/APP共混物中仅分布在PA6相中。流变性能测试表明,CNTs在共混物PA6/ABS/APP中的选择性分布会使形成网络结构所需的CNTs含量从1%降低到0.25%。炭层的形态表明网络结构有利于形成连续且较为致密的炭层,使得1%CNTs填充PA6/APP共混物及0.25%CNTs填充PA6/ABS/APP共混物具有良好的阻燃性能。当PA6/ABS/APP共混物中的CNTs含量达到1%时,CNTs形成过于致密的网络结构,限制了炭层的膨胀,从而削弱其阻燃性能。
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) flame retardant nylon 6 (PA6) were used. The results show that PA6 has excellent flame retardancy under 1% CNTs (mass fraction) and 20% APP addition. Flame retardant properties of PA6 / APP / CNTs blend with addition of 1% CNTs in PA6 / APP / CNTs blends with 0.25% CNTs addition of flammable acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene copolymer / CNTs composites are similar. TEM observations showed that CNTs were only distributed in PA6 phase in PA6 / ABS / APP blends. Rheological properties tests showed that the selective distribution of CNTs in the blend PA6 / ABS / APP reduced the CNTs content necessary to form the network structure from 1% to 0.25%. The morphology of the carbon layer indicates that the network structure is conducive to the formation of a continuous and relatively dense carbon layer, so that the PA6 / ABS blend filled with 1% CNTs and the PA6 / ABS blend filled with 0.25% CNTs have good flame retardancy. When the content of CNTs in PA6 / ABS / APP blends reaches 1%, the CNTs form an overly dense network structure, which limits the expansion of the carbon layer and weakens the flame retardancy.