论文部分内容阅读
英语中连词if引导条件状语从句是最常见的表达方式。除此以外，还有很多其它可以用来表示“条件”的方法。本文将对那些常考的特殊“条件”表达法作一归纳，以供学生复习参考。
1. 由介词短语on condition that“只要”引导条件句。
You can borrow my umbrella on condition that you return it in time.
只要你及时还我的雨伞，我就让你借。
2. 由unless 引导的条件句, 意为“除非， 如果不”。
We will go for an outing tomorrow unless it rains.
如果明天不下雨，我们就要去郊游。
3. 在unless/if 引导的条件句中，如果谓语含有be, 其主语与主句主语一致或主语是it时， 那么从句的主语和be可以省略。
She won’t come to the birthday unless invited（= she is invited）.
4. 连词when也可以引导条件句， 相当于if。
How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?
你一点慈悲也没有，怎么能指望别人对你慈悲呢？
5. once作连词引导从句，意为“一旦…… （就）”。
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
一旦你见了他后，就不会再忘记他。
6. 介词表示条件，常见的介词有with, without, under等。
With your permission, we’ll start this work right now.
你若允许，我们就立即开始工作。
There would be no life on earth without air and water.
没有空气和水，地球上就无生命存在。
He could do it better under more favorable conditions.
（若是）在更有利的条件下，他能把这项工作做得更好。
7. 分词﹑分词短语或分词独立结构表示条件。
Given more time, we could do it much better.
若能再给些时间，我们会把它做得更好些。
Supposing he is absent, what shall we do?
假使他不在，我们怎么办？
Weather permitting, we’ll have our sports meet tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，我们明天要开运动会。
8. 把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have置于主语之前，这种形式相当于if引导的从句。
The ship would have sunk with all on board had it not been for the captain.
要不是有那样的船长，恐怕连船带人都会沉入海底。
Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go.
如果明天下雨，我就不去。
9. 祈使句 +and/or/otherwise/and then引导陈述句中，祈使句表示“条件”。
Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather, and it will soon be covered with ice.
如果在冰冻的天气里将一盆水放在室外，它很快就会结冰。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class.
快点，要不上课就要迟到了。
10. 定语从句也可以表示“条件”。
Anyone who refused to bow before Gessler was thrown into prison.
凡拒绝在盖斯勒面前鞠躬的人就被投入监狱。
11. 在where... there句型中，where引导的从句实际含有“条件”意义。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
12. 名词词组 + and + 陈述句句型中，名词词组相当于条件句。
Another sound from me（If another sound came from me）and the snake might strike.
要是我再弄出一点儿响声，蛇就可能咬人。
One more word （If you say you more word） and I’ll leave you alone.
如果你再说一句，我就不理睬你。
13. 动词不定式表示“条件”。
To hear him speak English, you would take him for an Englishman.
如果听他讲英语，你就会把他当成英国人。
A man would be blind not to see that.
（如果）看不到这一点，就是个瞎子。
14. 比较级形式可表示“条件”。
A less difficult problem would have already been solved.
问题要不是那么难，早就解决了。
15. but 作连词引导并列句。
I should have come here earlier, but I hadn’t enough time. （= if I had enough time）.
我本来要早点来，只是没有充足的时间。
We could have avoided making such a mistake, but we didn’t follow his advice.
我们本来可以不犯这样的错误，只是我们没有接受他的忠告。
【作者单位：河北省安国中学】
责任编辑：李俊
1. 由介词短语on condition that“只要”引导条件句。
You can borrow my umbrella on condition that you return it in time.
只要你及时还我的雨伞，我就让你借。
2. 由unless 引导的条件句, 意为“除非， 如果不”。
We will go for an outing tomorrow unless it rains.
如果明天不下雨，我们就要去郊游。
3. 在unless/if 引导的条件句中，如果谓语含有be, 其主语与主句主语一致或主语是it时， 那么从句的主语和be可以省略。
She won’t come to the birthday unless invited（= she is invited）.
4. 连词when也可以引导条件句， 相当于if。
How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?
你一点慈悲也没有，怎么能指望别人对你慈悲呢？
5. once作连词引导从句，意为“一旦…… （就）”。
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
一旦你见了他后，就不会再忘记他。
6. 介词表示条件，常见的介词有with, without, under等。
With your permission, we’ll start this work right now.
你若允许，我们就立即开始工作。
There would be no life on earth without air and water.
没有空气和水，地球上就无生命存在。
He could do it better under more favorable conditions.
（若是）在更有利的条件下，他能把这项工作做得更好。
7. 分词﹑分词短语或分词独立结构表示条件。
Given more time, we could do it much better.
若能再给些时间，我们会把它做得更好些。
Supposing he is absent, what shall we do?
假使他不在，我们怎么办？
Weather permitting, we’ll have our sports meet tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，我们明天要开运动会。
8. 把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have置于主语之前，这种形式相当于if引导的从句。
The ship would have sunk with all on board had it not been for the captain.
要不是有那样的船长，恐怕连船带人都会沉入海底。
Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go.
如果明天下雨，我就不去。
9. 祈使句 +and/or/otherwise/and then引导陈述句中，祈使句表示“条件”。
Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather, and it will soon be covered with ice.
如果在冰冻的天气里将一盆水放在室外，它很快就会结冰。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class.
快点，要不上课就要迟到了。
10. 定语从句也可以表示“条件”。
Anyone who refused to bow before Gessler was thrown into prison.
凡拒绝在盖斯勒面前鞠躬的人就被投入监狱。
11. 在where... there句型中，where引导的从句实际含有“条件”意义。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
12. 名词词组 + and + 陈述句句型中，名词词组相当于条件句。
Another sound from me（If another sound came from me）and the snake might strike.
要是我再弄出一点儿响声，蛇就可能咬人。
One more word （If you say you more word） and I’ll leave you alone.
如果你再说一句，我就不理睬你。
13. 动词不定式表示“条件”。
To hear him speak English, you would take him for an Englishman.
如果听他讲英语，你就会把他当成英国人。
A man would be blind not to see that.
（如果）看不到这一点，就是个瞎子。
14. 比较级形式可表示“条件”。
A less difficult problem would have already been solved.
问题要不是那么难，早就解决了。
15. but 作连词引导并列句。
I should have come here earlier, but I hadn’t enough time. （= if I had enough time）.
我本来要早点来，只是没有充足的时间。
We could have avoided making such a mistake, but we didn’t follow his advice.
我们本来可以不犯这样的错误，只是我们没有接受他的忠告。
【作者单位：河北省安国中学】
责任编辑：李俊