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目的分析湖南省湘西自治州手足口病流行病学特征,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2011—2014年湘西自治州手足口病疫情和实验室检测结果进行分析。结果湘西自治州2011—2014年共报告手足口病33 445例,其中重症1 601例,死亡7例,年均发病率为326.25/10万,2012年发病率比2011年增加179.48%,2014年发病率比2013年增加174.85%,不同年份间发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2011—2014年发病呈现双高峰,春夏季高峰在4—7月,秋季高峰在10—11月。2011、2013年实验室检测病毒型别构成以其他肠道病毒为主,2012年实验室检测以EV 71为主,2014年实验室检测EV 71、Cox A 16、其他肠道病毒阳性分别占35.28%、22.31%、42.41%。各县(市)均有病例报告,吉首市报告发病率最高,为799.20/10万。病例年龄主要在5岁以下,占92.42%;职业分布以儿童为主,散居儿童占发病总数的79.40%,其次为幼托儿童,占17.64%。结论湘西自治州手足口病疫情呈2年流行1次,存在明显时间、地区、性别、年龄差异;疫情流行年手足口重症病例增加,EV 71检出率上升。要加强手足口病监测,落实乡镇卫生院对普通手足口病病例的诊断、治疗和管理。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and treatment measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation and laboratory test results of HFMD in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture during 2011-2014. Results A total of 33 445 HFMD cases were reported in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture from 2011 to 2014, of which 1 601 were severe and 7 died, with an average annual incidence of 326.25 / 100 000. The incidence increased from 2012 to 2014 by 179.48% The rate of increase was 174.85% more than that of 2013, and the difference of incidence among different years was statistically significant (P <0.01). The incidence of 2011-2014 showed double peaks, spring and summer peak in April-July, autumn peak in October-November. In 2011 and 2013, the type of laboratory virus was mainly composed of other enteroviruses. In 2012, EV71 was the main laboratory test, while in EV71 and Cox A16 in 2014, the positive rates of other enterovirus viruses were 35.28 %, 22.31%, 42.41%. Each county (city) has a case report, Jishou City, the highest reported incidence of 799.20 / 100,000. The cases were mainly under 5 years of age, accounting for 92.42%. The occupational distribution was mainly children, with scattered children accounting for 79.40% of the total, followed by preschool children, accounting for 17.64%. Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFMD in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture has been epidemic for 2 years once with obvious difference in time, region, gender and age. The prevalence of HFMD increased with the increase of epidemic situation, and the detection rate of EV 71 increased. To strengthen the monitoring of hand, foot and mouth disease, the implementation of township hospitals on the diagnosis of ordinary hand, foot and mouth disease cases, treatment and management.