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【目的】筛选耐盐性强的优异栽培稻种质资源,为盐碱地的改良提供品种支持,也为耐盐育种、耐盐基因的挖掘提供理论依据。【方法】以419份广西水稻地方品种核心种质为试验材料,进行芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定评价,芽期鉴定采用1.5%NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫,以相对盐害率为耐盐评级指标;苗期鉴定采用沙培法,用0.5%NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫,以死叶率作为评级指标,以植株矮化率为参考指标。【结果】广西水稻芽期耐盐性等级为3.77级,芽期耐盐资源主要集中于1级和3级,占参试总数的62.53%;苗期耐盐性等级为7.15级,大部分资源耐盐主要集中于7级和9级,占参试总数的75.89%。在水稻不同类型耐盐性比较中,芽期平均耐盐性籼稻(3.64)高于粳稻(4.28),籼稻变异系数(69.12)大于粳稻(60.28);苗期平均耐盐性籼稻(6.91)高于粳稻(8.03),籼稻变异系数(30.21)大于粳稻(18.43);籼稻苗期鉴定株高矮化率(32.73)和变异系数(50.92)均小于粳稻株高矮化率(37.22)和变异系数(63.62);相关分析结果表明,籼稻(r=0.0667)和粳稻(r=-0.0531)的芽期和苗期耐盐等级均无显著相关(P>0.05)。对不同稻作区水稻耐盐性进行比较,广西桂南稻作区水稻的平均耐盐性在芽期(3.48)和苗期(6.97)为4个稻作区中最高。【结论】广西水稻地方品种资源芽期耐盐性强于苗期,籼稻耐盐性强于粳稻,以芽期1级和苗期1、3级进行耐盐种质筛选,获得杨村一号等12份优异耐盐种质资源,可作为耐盐育种的亲本选育及在耐盐基因挖掘中加以利用。
【Objective】 The aim of this study was to screen out the excellent germplasm resources of cultivated rice with high salt tolerance, provide variety support for the improvement of saline-alkali soil, and provide the theoretical basis for the salt-tolerant breeding and salt-tolerant gene mining. 【Method】 The core collection of rice landraces from 419 Guangxi cultivars was used as experimental material to evaluate the salt tolerance of bud and seedling stage. The salt stress was evaluated at the budding stage using 1.5% NaCl solution, Grading method was used to determine the seedling stage, sand culture was used for seedling stage, salt stress was carried out with 0.5% NaCl solution, dead leaf rate was taken as the rating index and plant dwarfing rate was taken as reference index. 【Result】 Salt tolerance of rice at budding stage in Guangxi was 3.77, salt-tolerant resources at budding stage were mainly concentrated in grades 1 and 3, accounting for 62.53% of the total number of trials; salt-tolerance at seedling stage was 7.15 and most of the resources Salt tolerance is mainly concentrated in 7 and 9, accounting for 75.89% of the total number of tests. Compared with japonica rice (4.28), indica rice (69.12) showed higher average salt tolerance at the bud stage than that of japonica rice (60.28); mean salt tolerance at seedling stage was 6.91 The japonica rice (8.03) and indica rice (30.21) had higher coefficient of variation (30.21) than that of japonica rice (18.43). The indica rice had high rate of dwarfing (32.73) and coefficient of variation (50.92) less than that of japonica rice (37.22) and coefficient of variation ). The correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the salt tolerance at seedling stage and indica rice (r = 0.0667) and japonica rice (r = -0.0531) (P> 0.05). The salt tolerance of paddy rice in different paddy areas was compared. The average salt tolerance of paddy rice in south Guangxi was the highest in four paddy fields at budding stage (3.48) and seedling stage (6.97). 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the salt tolerance of rice landraces in Guangxi was stronger than that in seedling stage, and the salt tolerance of indica rice was stronger than that of japonica rice. The salt-tolerant germplasms were screened at stage 1 and stage 1 and stage 3, 12 excellent salt-tolerant germplasm resources can be used as parent breeding for salt-tolerant breeding and utilization in salt-tolerant gene excavated.