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目前学界对底层农民上访的研究主要受到“抗争性政治”研究范式在问题意识、理论适用和研究方法上的支配。这一研究范式常常将“权利意识”作为农民上访中先在的预设,并以此为前提展开对抗争原因、过程和结果的分析。本文试图对这一研究范式进行反思,并通过案例指出被形式理性化的“权利”所遮蔽的“地方性政治”因素或许才是我们需要认真思考的,也是目前信访治理制度化在乡村社会遭遇尴尬的原因所在。对此,我们需要在制度设计上兼顾顶层设计和地方自主性,并且承认多元规则共存的制度环境的合法性地位。
At present, the study of the bottom-up peasants petition is mainly dominated by the problem-awareness, theoretical application and research methods of the research paradigm of “resistance politics.” This research paradigm often uses “sense of rights ” as a precondition in the petition of peasants, and as a prerequisite to start the analysis of the causes, process and results of the struggle. This article tries to reflect on this research paradigm and points out that the “local politics” factor obscured by the formal “rights” of formal rationalization may be the reason that we need to think seriously, and it is also the institutionalization of current petition management The reason for embarrassment in rural society lies. In this regard, we need to balance the top-level design with local autonomy in system design and recognize the legitimacy of the institutional environment in which multiple rules coexist.