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一、 重点句型解析
1. as if 引导方式状语从句
【教材例句】
Most exchange students say that they feel as if they were truly part of their host families and that they will always stay in touch.
【高考链接】
Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_______yesterday. (2006全国卷Ⅰ)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
【句型解读】
as if / as though常用来引导方式状语从句，意为“好像、似乎”。当从句与事实相反时常用虚拟语气，与事实相符时则用陈述语气。例如：
After breaking the glass, he behaved as if nothing had happened.打破玻璃后，他装作若无其事的样子。
2. 动词 -ing 形式作状语
【教材例句】
Wang Lin was told a health care project that provides treatment at half the cost or less, depending on the needs of the patient.
【高考链接】
We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______that all children like these things. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)
A. thinking B. think
C. to think D. thought
【句型解读】
动词-ing形式作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等，通常情况下句子的主语与该动词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由when及while 引出。例如：
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
3. 完全倒装句
【教材例句】
In the hall below was a mailbox into which no letter would go.
【高考链接】
Just in front of our house_______with a history of 1,000 years. (2006上海春招)
A. does a tall tree stand
B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing
D. a tall tree stands
【句型解读】
完全倒装句： 为了保持句子平衡，使上下文衔接紧密或为了强调，常将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时句中。常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, away 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等不及物动词；2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语常常是表示运动的词。例如：
Down came the brown waves.
4. not ... without ... 结构
【教材例句】
I couldn’t have lived through Christmas without giving you a present.
【名校联考】
You won’t gain anything_______any efforts.
A. unless B. no C. withoutD. with
【句型解读】
该句为双重否定句，即在同一句子中出现两次否定的现象。像这种结构的句子比一般陈述句显得更加生动、有力，给人的印象特别深刻。例如：
There’s no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
Man cannot live without air or water. 没有空气和水，人就无法生存。
5. “the + 比较级 , the + 比较级”结构
【教材例句】
The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the better their language acquisition.
【名校联考】
In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _______.
A. our holiday will be better
B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be
D. the better will our holiday be
【句型解读】
这个结构的意思是“越……，就越……”。从结构上说，前者是表示比较的状语从句，后者是主句。从意义上说，这个句型表示从句和主句的两个变化同时进行。例如：
The more we practice, the better we get at listening to speech in a foreign language. 练习得越多，就越能更好地听懂外语。
6. with 的复合结构
【教材例句】
With the chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company.
【名校联考】
science and technology developing constantly, the human society as well as nature has experienced a dramatic change.
A. AfterB. WithC. AsD. When
【句型解读】
with + 名词 / 代词（宾格） + 分词 / 形容词 / 介词短语 / 不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。例如：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
7. “主语+连系动词+表语”表示被动意义
【教材例句】
In 1880 an interesting experiment of learning a foreign language proved to be fruitless.
【名校联考】
As a Chinese saying goes, good medicine_______bitter.
A. is tasted B. is tasting
C. tastes D. tasted
【句型解读】
连系动词 feel, look, taste, smell, sound, prove 等常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The cloth feels soft. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。
8. 不定式作表语
【教材例句】
The goal is to explore and develop a new health care model for China.
【高考链接】
It remains_______whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals. (2006浙江)
A. seen B. to be seen
C. seeing D. to see
【句型解读】
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it代替，而把不定式放在后面。作表语时，通常是用来说明主语的内容。例如：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language. (作主语)
My only wish is to do something for the public. (作表语)
9. nor + 部分倒装
【教材例句】
They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.
【高考链接】
Mary never does any reading in the evening, _______. (2005全国Ⅱ)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
【句型解读】
以so, neither, nor 开头的句子，可以用于重复前句部分内容，表示“……也这样”，“……也不这样”。so用于肯定句中，neither或nor用于否定句中。
10. when 引导的省略句
【教材例句】
When asked about his discovery, Sir Alexander Fleming said:“One sometimes finds what one is looking for.”
【名校联考】
When_______help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”.
A. offering B. to offer
C. offered D. to be offered
【句型解读】
当when引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可使用省略形式。当从句的谓语动词与主语为主谓关系时，省略句用when + 现在分词；当从句的谓语动词与主语为动宾关系时，省略句用when + 过去分词。
二、 长难句子解析
1. Others think that we learn language in the same way we learn other things, such as walking or solving problems, and that what we are born with is a general ability to learn and adapt, not a language-specific part of the brain.
【问】 怎样分析这个句子的结构？
【答】 整个句子是包含多个从句的复合句。其中think后面接的是两个由that引导的宾语从句：在第一个宾语从句里we learn other things是定语从句，先行词是way；在第二个宾语从句里what we are born with是名词性从句用作主语。
2. The data suggests that what successful language learners have in common is, among other things, that they are interested in understanding their own thinking, curious about the world, willing to take chances and confident in their ability.
【问】 第二个that所引导的句子在句中充当什么成分？
【答】 第二个that所引导的句子在句中与is一起构成系表结构作第一个that所引导的宾语从句的谓语，它本身是一个表语从句。
3. The United Nations AIDS Agency warns that the number of infected people in China could reach 10 million by 2020 unless more is done to prevent the spread of the disease.
【问】 unless 在此起什么作用？
【答】 unless 在此引导条件状语从句，其意思相当于“if ... not”。
【问】 这个句子的主句用的是虚拟语
气，而从句却是陈述语气，为什么？
【答】 用句中的could并不是表示虚拟
语气而是表示某事将来仅仅有发生的可能性，但并不一定会发生。又如：We could go climbing this summer, but I doubt if we’ll have time. 这句话的言外之意是，如果中国采取更多的措施来防止艾滋病的传播，艾滋病感染者的数量就不会达到10，000，000。
4. If they were not, they would not be ready to experiment with new forms and to make mistakes, both of which contribute to their increased ability to learn.
【问】 both of which 所引导的是什么句子？ which 指的是什么？
【答】 both of which 引导的是一个非限
制性定语从句。which 作为关系代词指的是主句中的两个动词不定式，即to experiment with new forms 和to make mistakes.
5. While exchange students can learn many useful things, it is also possible that some of them may fall behind in their studies.
1. as if 引导方式状语从句
【教材例句】
Most exchange students say that they feel as if they were truly part of their host families and that they will always stay in touch.
【高考链接】
Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_______yesterday. (2006全国卷Ⅰ)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
【句型解读】
as if / as though常用来引导方式状语从句，意为“好像、似乎”。当从句与事实相反时常用虚拟语气，与事实相符时则用陈述语气。例如：
After breaking the glass, he behaved as if nothing had happened.打破玻璃后，他装作若无其事的样子。
2. 动词 -ing 形式作状语
【教材例句】
Wang Lin was told a health care project that provides treatment at half the cost or less, depending on the needs of the patient.
【高考链接】
We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______that all children like these things. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)
A. thinking B. think
C. to think D. thought
【句型解读】
动词-ing形式作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等，通常情况下句子的主语与该动词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由when及while 引出。例如：
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
3. 完全倒装句
【教材例句】
In the hall below was a mailbox into which no letter would go.
【高考链接】
Just in front of our house_______with a history of 1,000 years. (2006上海春招)
A. does a tall tree stand
B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing
D. a tall tree stands
【句型解读】
完全倒装句： 为了保持句子平衡，使上下文衔接紧密或为了强调，常将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时句中。常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, away 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等不及物动词；2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语常常是表示运动的词。例如：
Down came the brown waves.
4. not ... without ... 结构
【教材例句】
I couldn’t have lived through Christmas without giving you a present.
【名校联考】
You won’t gain anything_______any efforts.
A. unless B. no C. withoutD. with
【句型解读】
该句为双重否定句，即在同一句子中出现两次否定的现象。像这种结构的句子比一般陈述句显得更加生动、有力，给人的印象特别深刻。例如：
There’s no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
Man cannot live without air or water. 没有空气和水，人就无法生存。
5. “the + 比较级 , the + 比较级”结构
【教材例句】
The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the better their language acquisition.
【名校联考】
In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _______.
A. our holiday will be better
B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be
D. the better will our holiday be
【句型解读】
这个结构的意思是“越……，就越……”。从结构上说，前者是表示比较的状语从句，后者是主句。从意义上说，这个句型表示从句和主句的两个变化同时进行。例如：
The more we practice, the better we get at listening to speech in a foreign language. 练习得越多，就越能更好地听懂外语。
6. with 的复合结构
【教材例句】
With the chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company.
【名校联考】
science and technology developing constantly, the human society as well as nature has experienced a dramatic change.
A. AfterB. WithC. AsD. When
【句型解读】
with + 名词 / 代词（宾格） + 分词 / 形容词 / 介词短语 / 不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。例如：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
7. “主语+连系动词+表语”表示被动意义
【教材例句】
In 1880 an interesting experiment of learning a foreign language proved to be fruitless.
【名校联考】
As a Chinese saying goes, good medicine_______bitter.
A. is tasted B. is tasting
C. tastes D. tasted
【句型解读】
连系动词 feel, look, taste, smell, sound, prove 等常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The cloth feels soft. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。
8. 不定式作表语
【教材例句】
The goal is to explore and develop a new health care model for China.
【高考链接】
It remains_______whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals. (2006浙江)
A. seen B. to be seen
C. seeing D. to see
【句型解读】
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it代替，而把不定式放在后面。作表语时，通常是用来说明主语的内容。例如：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language. (作主语)
My only wish is to do something for the public. (作表语)
9. nor + 部分倒装
【教材例句】
They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.
【高考链接】
Mary never does any reading in the evening, _______. (2005全国Ⅱ)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
【句型解读】
以so, neither, nor 开头的句子，可以用于重复前句部分内容，表示“……也这样”，“……也不这样”。so用于肯定句中，neither或nor用于否定句中。
10. when 引导的省略句
【教材例句】
When asked about his discovery, Sir Alexander Fleming said:“One sometimes finds what one is looking for.”
【名校联考】
When_______help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”.
A. offering B. to offer
C. offered D. to be offered
【句型解读】
当when引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可使用省略形式。当从句的谓语动词与主语为主谓关系时，省略句用when + 现在分词；当从句的谓语动词与主语为动宾关系时，省略句用when + 过去分词。
二、 长难句子解析
1. Others think that we learn language in the same way we learn other things, such as walking or solving problems, and that what we are born with is a general ability to learn and adapt, not a language-specific part of the brain.
【问】 怎样分析这个句子的结构？
【答】 整个句子是包含多个从句的复合句。其中think后面接的是两个由that引导的宾语从句：在第一个宾语从句里we learn other things是定语从句，先行词是way；在第二个宾语从句里what we are born with是名词性从句用作主语。
2. The data suggests that what successful language learners have in common is, among other things, that they are interested in understanding their own thinking, curious about the world, willing to take chances and confident in their ability.
【问】 第二个that所引导的句子在句中充当什么成分？
【答】 第二个that所引导的句子在句中与is一起构成系表结构作第一个that所引导的宾语从句的谓语，它本身是一个表语从句。
3. The United Nations AIDS Agency warns that the number of infected people in China could reach 10 million by 2020 unless more is done to prevent the spread of the disease.
【问】 unless 在此起什么作用？
【答】 unless 在此引导条件状语从句，其意思相当于“if ... not”。
【问】 这个句子的主句用的是虚拟语
气，而从句却是陈述语气，为什么？
【答】 用句中的could并不是表示虚拟
语气而是表示某事将来仅仅有发生的可能性，但并不一定会发生。又如：We could go climbing this summer, but I doubt if we’ll have time. 这句话的言外之意是，如果中国采取更多的措施来防止艾滋病的传播，艾滋病感染者的数量就不会达到10，000，000。
4. If they were not, they would not be ready to experiment with new forms and to make mistakes, both of which contribute to their increased ability to learn.
【问】 both of which 所引导的是什么句子？ which 指的是什么？
【答】 both of which 引导的是一个非限
制性定语从句。which 作为关系代词指的是主句中的两个动词不定式，即to experiment with new forms 和to make mistakes.
5. While exchange students can learn many useful things, it is also possible that some of them may fall behind in their studies.