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目的:研究不同形态氮肥的分次施用对小白菜镉积累、产量及品质的影响,并初步分析了其作用机制。创新点:首次提出尿素、铵态氮和硝态氮肥料的分次施用方式可提升镉污染土壤上的作物安全生产。方法:选用尿素、硫酸铵和硝酸钙等3种常用氮肥,通过盆栽试验,比较了这3种肥料的分次施用方法和一次性施用方法对小白菜的镉含量、生物量以及营养品质的影响。结论:在镉污染的条件下,与一次性施肥相比,尿素和硫酸铵的分次施肥方法显著降低了小白菜可食部位的镉含量,增加了可食部位的生物量并改善了抗氧化相关的营养品质指标;然而,当硝酸钙作为氮肥时,小白菜可食部位的镉含量、生物量以及抗氧化相关的营养品质指标在两种不同的施肥方法之间并无统计学上的显著差异。因此,在镉污染的土壤上,当硫酸铵或尿素作为氮肥时,分次施肥方法比一次性施肥方法更加有利于保障蔬菜的安全生产与品质改善。
Objective: To study the effects of different application rates of nitrogen fertilizer on the accumulation of cadmium, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and to analyze its mechanism. Innovation point: The first time put forward urea, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer graded application method can improve crop safety on cadmium contaminated soil. Methods: Three kinds of commonly used nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate were selected to study the effects of three kinds of fertilizers on the cadmium content, biomass and nutritional quality of potatoes by pot experiment . Conclusion: Under cadmium pollution, compared with one-time fertilization, urea and ammonium sulfate fertilization method significantly reduced the cadmium content of edible parts of cabbage, increased the biomass of edible parts and improved the anti-oxidation However, when calcium nitrate was used as nitrogen fertilizer, the cadmium content, biomass and anti-oxidation related nutritional quality index of edible parts of cabbage were not statistically significant between the two different fertilization methods difference. Therefore, in the soil polluted by cadmium, when ammonium sulfate or urea is used as nitrogen fertilizer, the method of graded fertilization is more conducive to ensuring the safe production and quality improvement of vegetables than the one-time fertilization method.