概述了原位杂交技术的各种方法及其运用条件,分析在林木染色体水平和分子水平上的研究进展。该项技术目前主要应用于:1)鉴别种内和种间染色体间的差异,构建核型;2)探索种的起源和进化;3)结合荧光带纹研究基因组结构、有机组成和空间排列。还对该技术在林木遗传育种上的应用前景作了展望。 The methods of in situ hybridization and their application conditions are summarized, and the research progress on the chromosome level and molecular level of forest trees is analyzed. This technique is currently mainly used to: 1) identify intraspecies and interspecific chromosome differences, construct karyotypes; 2) explore species origin and evolution; 3) combine fluorescent bands to study genomic organization, organic composition, and spatial alignment. The prospect of application of this technology in forest genetic breeding was also prospected.