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The microstructural characteristic of 1070Al matrix composites reinforced by 0.15 μm Al2O3 particles whose volume fraction was 40% was investigated by TEM and HREM. The results showed that the interface between the matrix and reinforcements was clean and bonded well, without any interfacial reaction products. There were some preferential crystallographic orientation relationships between Al matrix and Al2O3 particle because of the lattice imperfection on the surface of Al2O3 particles.