国家间的核贸易和核合作实际上离不开有效和可靠的核保障。前苏联解体的后果之一是出现了一批新独立国家(NIS)。许多这样的 NIS 拥有核计划。然而,这些核计划过去赖以生存的核基础设施已不复存在,因而需要重新建立。国际原子能机构(IAEA)核保障的实施,就其有效性而言,主要依赖于有关政府在多大程度上确保:运营者保持准确无误和完整的记录;及时向 IAEA 提交所需的报 In fact, nuclear trade and nuclear cooperation among nations can not be separated from effective and reliable nuclear safeguards. One of the consequences of the disintegration of the former Soviet Union was the emergence of a group of newly independent nations (NIS). Many of these NIS have nuclear programs. However, the nuclear infrastructure on which these nuclear programs depend in the past no longer exists and therefore needs to be re-established. The effectiveness of IAEA nuclear safeguards relies heavily on the extent to which the government concerned ensures that: Operators maintain accurate and complete records; timely submission of required reports to the IAEA