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运用文献资料法和文本分析法对19世纪中叶至20世纪中叶的运动训练学著作进行考察,力图从知识谱系的视角对运动训练学的学科起源问题做出新的探研。研究认为:1)运动训练理论研究工作始于19世纪中期的英国,田径、拳击和皮划艇是当时研究者关注的主要项目;2)在19世纪中后期,运动训练理论学者普遍具有医学知识背景,由此确立了运动训练学与医学密切的先天联系;3)研究者在19世纪中后期普遍将饮食、沐浴、睡眠、空气和着装视为运动训练的重要构成要素;4)英国在19世纪后半段始终占据着世界运动训练研究水平的制高点,至20世纪初逐渐被美国所赶超;5)20世纪头20年是运动训练理论的高速发展阶段,这时的运动训练学知识体系已具雏形,研究者以具有丰富训练和参赛经验的教练员和退役运动员为主;6)运动训练学在20世纪中叶已初步构成了一套成熟的学科知识体系,并延续至今。从知识体系演进的角度看,将哈雷的《训练学》视为运动训练学的形成标志是一种恰当的选择,有益于明确运动训练学在人才培养、科学研究等方面的正确发展方向。
By using the method of literature and text analysis and the method of textual analysis, this paper examines the sports training literature from the middle of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, trying to make a new exploration of the discipline origin of sports training from the perspective of knowledge pedigree. The research shows that: 1) The theory of sports training began in the middle of the 19th century in Britain, track and field, boxing and canoeing were the main items of concern of researchers at that time; 2) In the middle and late 19th century, sports training scholars generally had medical knowledge Background, thus establishing a close connection between exercise training and medicine; 3) researchers generally considered diet, bathing, sleeping, air and dressing as important components of exercise training in the late 19th century; 4) The latter half of the century has always occupied the commanding height of the world’s sports training and research study, and was gradually overtaken by the United States by the early 20th century. 5) The first 20 years of the 20th century were the rapid development stages of sports training theory. The prototype has been developed. The researchers mainly include coaches and retired athletes with rich training and entry experience. 6) The discipline of exercise training initially formed a mature system of subject knowledge in the middle of the 20th century and continues to this day. From the perspective of the evolution of knowledge system, it is an appropriate choice to regard Harley’s “training theory” as the symbol of the formation of sports training theory, which is beneficial to clarify the correct development direction of sports training theory in terms of personnel training and scientific research.