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通过热模拟试验及扫描电镜分析,研究了静磁场对2024铝合金显微晶粒度、凝固速度、合金元素分布的影响。结果表明,随着磁感应强度的增大,合金凝固组织明显细化,凝固时间变短,这与凝固前沿熔体内的塞贝克效应有关,使得熔体对流效应强于静磁场的制动效应;应用静磁场能够增强溶质原子在铝中的扩散,有利于提高合金元素的固溶度,减轻凝固组织的宏观偏析。
The effects of static magnetic field on the grain size, solidification rate and alloying element distribution of 2024 aluminum alloy were studied by means of thermal simulation and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that with the increase of the magnetic flux density, the solidified microstructure of the alloy is obviously refined and the solidification time is shortened, which is related to the Seebeck effect in the melt before solidification, which makes the melt convection effect stronger than the static magnetic field. Static magnetic field can enhance the diffusion of solute atoms in aluminum, which is beneficial to increase the solid solubility of alloying elements and reduce the macro-segregation of solidified structure.