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现代管理学的思维方式,经历了一个从有限的整体思维走向比较彻底的整体思维的历史过程。泰勒在思维方式上是生产效率向度的局域整体思维。而梅奥开始从社会历史变化的角度审视工人生产行为,形成了“社会历史认识论”意义上的动态整体思维方式。巴纳德则自觉地关注组织本身的整体及组织与环境的统一,表现出彻底的整体思维方式。这一历史过程既是现代管理学自身的知识运动,也是社会学、心理学、生物学、哲学等主要知识对管理学影响的必然结果。
The way of thinking of modern management has undergone a historical process from a limited overall thinking to a more complete one. Taylor in the way of thinking is the overall productivity of the local dimension of thinking. However, Mayo began to examine workers’ production behavior from the perspective of social and historical changes and formed a dynamic overall thinking mode in the sense of “epistemology of social history.” Barnard is consciously concerned about the organization itself as a whole and the unity of the organization and the environment, showing a complete way of thinking. This historical process is not only the knowledge movement of modern management itself, but also the inevitable result of the influence of the major knowledge of sociology, psychology, biology and philosophy on management.