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[目的]了解伤寒、副伤寒(简称伤寒)发病和病原学特征,为制订防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]对湘西州2003~2010年伤寒疫情资料和2005~2010年伤寒病原学监测资料进行分析。[结果]2003~2010年伤寒累计报告1 083例,无死亡,年均发病率为5.37/10万,各年发病率(/10万)分别为9.03、6.26、6.12、6.63、6.82、3.81、2.50、1.57(P<0.01)。年均发病率(/10万),吉首市为13.65,泸溪县为5.59,凤凰县为12.57,花垣县为3.95,保靖县为3.84,古丈县为1.93,永顺县为0.87,龙山县为1.83;男性为5.80,女性为4.93(P<0.01);0~4岁为3.21,5~24岁为6.57,25~44岁为5.70,45~64岁为4.59,≥65岁为2.47。1 083例病人中,农民占41.92%,学生占31.30%,其他占26.78%;5~10月发病的占65.37%。2006~2010年累计对160例伤寒临床诊断病例进行检测,从160份血样中检出甲型副伤寒沙门菌16株,从42份大便中检出乙型副伤寒沙门菌1株;466份疑似病例、963份重点人群、55份岀院病例标本和124份外环境水样均为阴性。[结论]2003~2010年湘西州伤寒发病率逐年下降,流行菌株是副伤寒沙门菌。
[Objective] To understand the pathogenesis and pathogenic features of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and cure measures. [Method] The data of typhoid fever in 2003 ~ 2010 and the monitoring data of typhoid fever in 2005 ~ 2010 in Xiangxi Prefecture were analyzed. [Results] A total of 1 083 cases of typhoid fever were reported from 2003 to 2010 with no death, the average annual incidence rate was 5.37 / 100 000, the annual incidence rates (/ 100,000) were 9.03, 6.26, 6.12, 6.63, 6.82, 3.81, 2.50, 1.57 (P <0.01). The average annual incidence rate (/ 100000), Jishou City was 13.65, Luxi County 5.59, Fenghuang County 12.57, Huayuan County 3.95, Baojing County 3.84, Guzhang County was 1.93, Yongshun County was 0.87, Longshan The county was 1.83; the population was 5.80 for males and 4.93 for females (P <0.01); that for females was 3.21 for 0-4 years, 6.57 for females aged 0-4 years, 5.70 for females aged 5-44 years, 4.59 for females aged 45-64 years, .1 083 cases, peasants accounted for 41.92%, students accounted for 31.30%, other accounted for 26.78%; 5 to October incidence accounted for 65.37%. From 2006 to 2010, a total of 160 cases of typhoid fever were detected, 16 strains of Salmonella paratyphi A were detected from 160 blood samples and 1 strain of Salmonella paratyphi A was detected from 42 stool samples. 466 suspected The cases, 963 key population, 55 specimens from hospital and 124 external water samples were all negative. [Conclusion] The incidence of typhoid fever in Xiangxi Prefecture decreased year by year from 2003 to 2010. The epidemic strain is Salmonella paratyphi.