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中国地域辽阔,地形复杂,南北跨越热带、亚热带、温带、寒温带,东西包含干旱、半干旱、半湿润、湿润地区,各种地形、地貌应有尽有,自古以来就存在着农耕、游牧与渔猎经济的差异,游牧区与农耕区同时并存,二者之间还存在一个过渡带,即所谓的半农半牧区。由于受到历史上气候寒冷期与温暖期交替发生的影响,介于游牧区和农耕区中间的半农半牧区就随之出现波动,其范围时而南扩,时而北退,对各个时期的社会经济都构成明显影响。王利华在《中古时期北方地区畜
China has a vast territory and complex terrain. It stretches across tropical, subtropical, temperate and frigid temperate regions from north to south. There are arid, semi-arid, semi-humid and humid regions in the east and west. There are all kinds of terrain and topography. Since ancient times, farming, nomadic and fishing economy have existed Differences, nomadic areas and agricultural areas co-exist at the same time, there is still a transitional zone between the two, the so-called semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. Due to the influence of the cold and warm periods of climate in history, the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas between the nomadic and agrarian areas fluctuate, and their scope extends from time to time and from time to time, Have a significant impact. Wang Lihua "In the Middle Ages in the northern livestock