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目的研究肝硬变腹水患者的钾、钠、氯及酸碱失衡。方法肝硬变腹水患者１５４例，血Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－测定采用ＥＥＬ公司自动分析仪及火焰光度计。血气及酸碱度测定采用ＩＬ１３０２型自动微机分析仪。结果低血钾者５７例，高血钾者６例，低血钠者８１例，高血钠者１２例，低血氯者３４例，高血氯者８例。２４例血气及酸碱度测定结果显示，以碱中毒者为主。依次为呼碱、呼碱＋代酸、代酸、代碱、呼酸。本组高血钾、低血钠与Ｃｈｉｌｄ分级、ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ值相关。从本组资料表明，重症肝硬变腹水患者水盐代谢失衡多为医源性所致，且加重原有失衡。高钾血症、急性低钠血症及高钠血症大多如此，多为住院后发生，常可危及生命。结论肝硬变腹水患者的高钾血症、低钠血症和高钠血症大多在肝肾功能低下，不适当的治疗所致，是影响预后的重要因素
Objective To study the potassium, sodium, chloride and acid-base imbalance in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Methods 154 patients with cirrhosis and ascites, K +, Na +, Cl- determination of blood using EEL automatic analyzer and flame photometer. Determination of blood gas and pH using IL1302 automatic computer analyzer. Results 57 cases of hypokalemia, hyperkalemia in 6 cases, 81 cases of hyponatremia, hypernatremia in 12 cases, 34 cases of low blood chlorine, high blood chlorine in 8 cases. 24 cases of blood gas and acidity determination results show that the main alkalosis. Followed by Huanyan, Hu alkali + acid, acid, alkali, sour. The group of hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and Child classification, BUN, Cr value related. Data from this group shows that patients with severe liver cirrhosis ascites imbalance of water and salt mostly due to iatrogenic, and aggravating the original imbalance. Hyperkalemia, acute hyponatremia and hypernatremia mostly so, mostly after hospitalization, often life-threatening. Conclusions Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and hypernatremia in patients with cirrhosis and ascites are mostly caused by poor liver and kidney function and inappropriate treatment, which is an important factor in prognosis