一、前言应用各种阳离子及非离子型的聚乙二醇衍生物作为相转移催化剂,进行相转移催化反应是近年来发展的一种新的合成方法。而相转移反应与一般的合成方法相比具有反应速度快,选择性好,反应条件温和及操作简便,收率高的优点而受到人们的重视。最近几年来发展更为迅速。对催化剂的种类及应用于有机合成的类型,机理等方面进行深入的研究,预期在不远的将来,必将成为一种独特的有机合成方法。硝基卤芳烃在表面活性剂存在下经相转移催化可得硝基苯烷醚,还原后得氨基苯烷醚是染料,制药、香料等的重要中间体。工业上目前是以硝基氯苯为原料与大量相应的醇在加压下滴加醇的氢氧化钠溶液,反应周期长,消耗大量的醇。 I. INTRODUCTION The application of various cationic and nonionic polyethylene glycol derivatives as phase transfer catalysts for phase transfer catalysis is a new synthesis method developed in recent years. Compared with the general synthesis method, the phase transfer reaction has attracted people’s attention due to its advantages of fast reaction, good selectivity, mild reaction conditions, easy operation and high yield. In recent years, the development is even faster. In-depth study on the types of catalysts and the types and mechanisms of organic synthesis are expected to become a unique organic synthesis method in the near future. Nitro-halogenated aromatics in the presence of surfactant can be obtained by phase-transfer catalytic nitrophenyl alkyl ether, amino acid alkyl ether obtained after reduction is an important intermediate dye, pharmaceuticals, spices and so on. Currently, nitrochlorobenzene is used as a raw material in the industry and a large amount of corresponding alcohol is added dropwise under pressure to a sodium hydroxide solution of alcohol. The reaction period is long and a large amount of alcohol is consumed.