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目的了解东洞庭湖钉螺自然消亡地区单壳类软体动物的分布,探索钉螺消亡的可能原因,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供参考依据。方法于2013年8月对钱粮湖、建新、君山公园地区进行水体单壳类软体动物调查,对样本进行分类鉴定后,对数据进行Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验和非参数检验。用生物多样性指数对不同现场的生物多样性进行比较。结果所收集样本初步鉴定为腹足纲3科6种:圆口螺科包括湖北钉螺,豆螺科包括纹沼螺、长角涵螺、中华沼螺、赤豆螺,椎实螺科1种未鉴定到种,暂定为萝卜螺。君山公园外洲水体共采集到单壳类软体动物4 553只,其中钉螺1 264只;建新未采集到钉螺,其余单壳类软体动物共计336只;而钱粮湖仅采集到7只长角涵螺、2只中华沼螺和1只纹沼螺。3个现场螺类分布的差异有统计学意义(χ2=166.225,P<0.01)。钱粮湖地区、建新地区及君山公园的辛普森多样性指数分别为0.402 8、0.718 6及0.678 8,香农-威纳多样性指数分别为0.721 5、1.431 3及1.199 9。结论钱粮湖地区钉螺消亡的同时,其他种类单壳类软体动物无论是种类上还是数量上都已十分稀少,两者原因是否相关还有待进一步研究。
Objective To understand the distribution of monotypic molluscs in Oncomelania snail decaying area in East Dongting Lake, and to explore the possible causes of snail demise, so as to provide a reference for the development of schistosomiasis control strategies. Methods Monocarya mollusc was investigated in Qianliu Lake, Jianxin and Junshan Park in August 2013. After the samples were classified and identified, the data were tested by Shapiro-Wilk normality test and non-parametric test. Biodiversity indices are used to compare biodiversity at different sites. Results The collected samples were initially identified as Gastropoda 3 families and 6 species: Round snail including Hubei snails, leguminosae including snail marsh snail, longhorn culvert, Chinese snail, adzuki bean, spinella a Unidentified species, tentatively radish snail. A total of 4 553 monotypic mollusks were collected from Juzhou Water Park in the Junshan Park, including 1 264 snails. No snails were found in the newly built snails and a total of 336 monoshell molluscs were collected. Only 7 long-horned Snail, two Chinese moorhen and one moor. There were significant differences in the distribution of three snails (χ2 = 166.225, P <0.01). The Simpson diversity indices of Qianlianghu Lake, Jianxin New District and Junshan Park were 0.402 8, 0.718 6 and 0.678 8 respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index of diversity was 0.721 5, 1.431 3 and 1.199 9 respectively. Conclusions While the Oncomelania in the area of Qianliang Lake is extinct, the species and abundance of other monotypic molluscs are very scarce. Whether the two are related or not remains to be further studied.