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【目的】水稻是中国重要的粮食作物,实现水稻的超高产生产对保证中国粮食安全有重要作用。本研究旨在探讨粳型超级稻产量构成因素协同演进规律及超高产特征。【方法】以具有代表性的4个超级粳稻品种(武粳15、淮稻9号、徐稻3号和常优1号)为材料,对高产(8250—9750kg.hm-2)、更高产(9750—11250kg.hm-2)和超高产(>11250kg.hm-2)3个产量等级群体的产量及其结构、群体库容量和群体库容的充实进行了系统的比较研究。【结果】由高产到更高产再到超高产,4个超级稻品种的群体颖花量不断提高(差异显著),而结实率、千粒重在3个产量等级间略有增减(差异不显著)。在安全成熟的情况下,群体颖花量与产量呈极显著正相关;群体颖花量的提高在由高产提高到更高产的水平上,主要依靠单位面积穗数的增加,而由更高产提高到超高产水平,则主要依靠足穗基础上增加每穗粒数。在安全成熟条件下,群体库容充实度在3个产量等级间因种略有增减,差异不显著,而群体库容实际充实量则随产量的增加而增加。【结论】以足量大穗构成群体安全大库容(安全成熟的群体高颖花量),通过保持正常的充实度(即保证常年的结实率与千粒重),从而提高群体库容总充实量,是粳型超级稻的超高产特征。
【Objective】 Rice is an important food crop in China. To achieve super-high yielding rice production plays an important role in ensuring food security in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the synergistic evolution and super high yield characteristics of the yield components of japonica super rice. 【Method】 Four representative japonica cultivars (Wujing 15, Huai 9, Xu 3 and Changyou 1) were selected as experimental materials for high yield (8250-9750kg.hm-2) and higher yield (9750-11250kg.hm-2) and super-high yield (> 11250kg.hm-2) were studied systematically. The yield, structure, population capacity and population capacity of three yield-grade populations were compared systematically. 【Result】 The results showed that the population spikelets of four super-rice cultivars increased continuously (from high-yielding to higher-yielding to super-high yielding) (significant difference), while seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight increased and decreased slightly among the three yielding grades (insignificantly) . Under the condition of safety maturity, the population spikelet yield was significantly and positively correlated with the yield. The improvement of population spikelet yield increased from high yield to higher yield, mainly due to the increase of spikelets per unit area and higher yield To the level of super-high yield, the main basis is to increase the number of grains per spike. Under the condition of safety maturity, the population enrichment degree of the three yield grades slightly increased or decreased, but the difference was not significant, but the actual enrichment of population capacity increased with the increase of yield. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that with large enough spikes, the population of large population safety (high population of safe mature population) can be formed, and by maintaining the normal degree of fullness (ie, ensuring the annual seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight) Super high yielding characteristics of Japonica super rice.