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目的了解马鞍山市乙型肝炎(下称乙肝)流行状况,评价防治效果,为制定或调整乙肝疫苗接种策略提供依据。方法按照两阶段抽样法,抽取8个行政村1～59岁常住人口2040人,采静脉血3～5ml,ELISA法检测HBV-M。结果HBsAg阳性70人,阳性率3.43%;HBV-M总感染率18.40%,HBsAg阳性率较1991年(13.41%)显著降低(χ2=116.95,P=0.000)。1992年推广乙肝疫苗接种以来,其保护率达73.08%。2007年与1991年健康人群乙肝血清学各项指标分地区、城乡、性别、年龄比较,除HBsAb20岁以上年龄组外,差异均有统计学意义;职业分布发生变化,1991年学生HBsAg阳性构成比占59.32%,农民占12.43%;2007年学生HBsAg阳性构成比下降到11.27%,农民构成比上升到50.70%。结论该市乙肝防治效果非常显著,继续开展新生儿乙肝免费接种,推广成人接种,并将预防乙肝资源向农村地区倾斜。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of Hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) in Ma’anshan and to evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment so as to provide basis for formulating or adjusting Hepatitis B vaccination strategy. Methods According to the two-stage sampling method, 2040 residents aged from 1 to 59 in 8 administrative villages were sampled. Blood samples were collected for 3 ~ 5ml venous blood and HBV-M was detected by ELISA. Results The positive rate of HBsAg was 3.43%. The overall infection rate of HBV-M was 18.40%. The positive rate of HBsAg was significantly lower than that of 1991 (13.41%) (χ2 = 116.95, P = 0.000). Since the promotion of hepatitis B vaccination in 1992, the protection rate reached 73.08%. In 2007 and 1991, the indexes of serology of hepatitis B in healthy population were divided into regions, urban and rural areas, gender and age except HBsAb. The occupational distribution of HBsAb in different age groups was changed. In 1991, the HBsAg positivity ratio Accounting for 59.32%, peasants accounted for 12.43%; students in 2007 HBsAg positivity decreased to 11.27%, the proportion of peasants rose to 50.70%. Conclusion The effect of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B in this city is very significant. The free vaccination of newborn hepatitis B continues to promote the vaccination of adults and tilt the prevention of hepatitis B resources to rural areas.