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目的:探讨高住高练低训对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响。方法:7名国家女子中长跑运动员,进行为期4周的高住高练低训(HiHiLo):在每日完成正常平原训练计划的基础上,每周进行三次低氧训练,训练方式为蹬功率自行车,强度为个体80%VO2max,时间为40分钟,氧浓度为14.7%左右(相当于海拔2800米高度)。此外,每晚在低氧房居住10小时,房内氧含量为14.7%(相当于海拨2800米高度),实验期为4周。采用负荷彩色超声多普勒监测高住高练低训前后心功能的变化,并且监测高住高练低训前后最大摄氧量、血压和体重的变化。结果显示,高住高练低训后的左室重量、左室重量指数、室间隔舒张末期厚度,左室后壁收缩末期厚度在安静状态下较高住高练低训前显著增加(P<0.05),收缩压和舒张压较高住高练低训前明显升高(P<0.05),右心室前后径较高住高练低训前明显减小(P<0.05)。二尖瓣舒张期充盈时间(DFT)在安静及运动负荷状态下均较高住高练低训前显著增加(P<0.05)。高住高练低训前后空腹体重无明显差异,高住高练低训后血压较训练前明显升高(P<0.05)。高住高练低训后最大摄氧量相对值较训练前有所增加,但无显著性差异。结果提示高住高练低训对心脏功能无不良影响,HiHiLo在某种程度上有利于心力储备功能的增强。
Objective: To explore the influence of high living abilities and training low abilities on the heart function of elite female long-distance runners. Methods: Seven national women middle and long distance runners were enrolled in a four-week HiHiLo training program. The hypoxia training was conducted three times a week on a daily basis to complete the normal training program. The training mode was pedaling power Bike, with an intensity of 80% VO2max for individuals, a time of 40 minutes and an oxygen concentration of 14.7% (equivalent to an altitude of 2,800 meters). In addition, every night in the hypoxia room for 10 hours, the room oxygen content of 14.7% (equivalent to 2800 meters above sea level), the experimental period of 4 weeks. The changes of cardiac function before and after the high-living training and low training were monitored by color Doppler ultrasound, and the changes of maximal oxygen uptake, blood pressure and body weight were monitored before and after living high and training low. The results showed that left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index, end-diastolic thickness and end-systolic thickness of posterior wall of left ventricular in sedentary state increased significantly (P < 0.05). Systolic pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher than those before training (P <0.05), and the anteroposterior diameter of right ventricle was significantly lower than that before training (P <0.05). The diastolic filling time (DFT) of mitral valve was significantly higher in resting and exercising condition than in training exercising and training (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in fasting weight between before and after living in high school and low in practice. The blood pressure in high school and training low after training was significantly higher than that before training (P <0.05). The relative maximum of oxygen uptake after living high and training low increased compared with that before training, but no significant difference. The results suggest that high and low training on living without adverse effects on heart function, HiHiLo to some extent conducive to the enhancement of cardiac reserve function.