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为探讨不同温度条件下日光温室甜樱桃性器官发育及受精进程的差异,以6年生甜樱桃‘红艳’为试材,利用石蜡切片法和荧光显微技术对不同温度条件下甜樱桃的花芽形态分化、雌雄配子发育、受精过程进行了观察。结果表明:日光温室条件下,花芽在硬核期开始形态分化,高温区花芽形态分化时间短,花序间发育较整齐,单花分化需45d左右,而低温区则相反,且单花分化需75d左右;高温区次生造胞细胞持续分裂时间缩短、小孢子母细胞的持续时间短、雄配子体的形成速度快且整齐度高,低温区相反;高温区从造胞细胞到雌配子体形成需14d左右,而低温区需20d左右;不同温区胚的发育进程相似,但高温区从授粉到受精的时间比低温区延长约36h,达120h。日光温室条件下,高低温均影响甜樱桃的生殖生长,高温使甜樱桃的花芽分化开始早,花芽形态分化及雌雄配子的发育时间短,但受精进程减慢。
In order to explore the difference of sex organ development and fertilization progress of sweet cherry in sunlight greenhouse under different temperature conditions, the 6-year-old sweet cherry ’Hongyan’ was used as experimental material. The flower bud morphology of sweet cherry under different temperature conditions was studied by paraffin section and fluorescence microscopy Differentiation, male and female gametes development, fertilization process were observed. The results showed that flower buds began to differentiate at the early stage of the hardwood stage under the solar greenhouse conditions. The morphological differentiation of the flower buds at high temperature was short and the inflorescences developed well. The single flower differentiation required about 45 days, while the low temperature zone had the opposite pattern. ; The duration of secondary division of secondary somatic cells in hot zone was shortened, the duration of microspore mother cells was short, the formation rate of male gametophyte was high and the uniformity was high, but in the low temperature zone; the formation of the female gametophyte in the high temperature zone was 14 days , While the low temperature region needs about 20 days. The developmental process of embryos in different temperature regions is similar, but the time from pollination to fertilization in the high temperature region is prolonged by about 36 hours compared with the low temperature region, reaching 120 hours. Under sunlight greenhouse, both high and low temperature affected the reproductive growth of sweet cherry. The high temperature led to the early flower bud differentiation, the differentiation of flower bud and the development time of male and female gametes, but the fertilization process slowed down.