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目的:通过检测子宫肌瘤组织与相邻的正常子宫肌层组织的 P16基因启动区甲基化状态的差异性,探讨 P16启动子区甲基化与子宫肌瘤的发生、发展与治疗后肌瘤复发等关系,以及期望激素受体成为子宫肌瘤药物控制的靶点.方法:对2011年9月至2012年12月来我院就医的30例子宫肌瘤患者,取同体子宫肌瘤组织与其相邻的正常子宫肌层组织.对上述标本应用甲基化特异性聚合酶链式反应(Methylation-Specific PCR, MSP)法检测 P16基因启动区域 CpG岛异常甲基化;采用组化分析肌瘤细胞和正常对照组织的雌、孕激素受体;并采用统计方法分析数据.结果:30例子宫肌瘤中 P16基因启动子区甲基化率为26.6%(11/30),子宫肌瘤旁正常组织中甲基化率6.66%(2/30),两者之间有统计学差异.30例中雌激素受体表达增高的个体占40.0%(12/30),孕激素受体表达增高的个体占33.3%(10/30),两者均同时表达增高的个体占26.7%(8/30).结论:子宫肌瘤及其临近的肌层组织的均出现 P16基因启动子区的甲基化状态,子宫肌瘤组织总体呈现出低甲基化;子宫肌瘤对雌激素以及孕激素都具有较高的应答性,而且雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)以及孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)高表达.子宫肌瘤的无限生长与诸多因素有关,值得进一步探讨.“,”Objective To explore the relationship of Methylation with P16 promoter in uterine myoma tumorigenesis and development, surgery control and tumor recurrence, and to expect the hormone receptors to be drug targets of uterine myoma through the detection of methylation status difference in P16 gene promoter between the tissues of uterine myoma and adjacent normal myometrium.Methods Methylation-Specific PCR was used to detect aberrant Methylation of CpG island in P16 gene reporter between tissues of uterine myoma and normal myometrium for 30 uterine myoma cases in our hospital from September 2011 to December 2012. Chemiluminescence immunoassay was conducted to test estrogen and progesterone receptors,and their own levels. And the difference between tumor tissues and normal myometrium tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Results Of the 30 patients, the rate of Methylation in P16 promoter was 26.6% (11/30) in tumor tissues, versus 6.66% (2/30) in normal myometrium tissues (P<0.05). 40.0% (12/30) and 33.3% (10/30) of the 30 cases respectively high-expressed estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, while 26.7% (8/30) of patients had high levels of both receptors. Conclusion Both uterine myoma and normal myometrium tissues occur methylation status in P16 gene promoter, while the former shows hypomethylation. uterine myoma has a high responsiveness to estrogen and progesterone, and appears high expression of ER and PR. The infinite growth of uterine myoma is relative to many factors, and is worth further discussion.