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我国葡萄(Vitis vinifera)种植范围广,葡萄灰霉病(grape gray mold)是危害葡萄生产的重要病害之一,其病原为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),为了解我国不同葡萄种植气候区灰葡萄孢葡萄分离物的形态型变异和致病力分化情况,本研究对采集自不同葡萄种植气候区的143个灰葡萄孢菌株进行了形态型观察和生长速率测定,并采用菌丝块创伤接种法测定其对红地球(V.vinifera cv.’Redglobe’)、马奶葡萄(V.vinifera cv.’Mare Nipple’)和油菜(Brassica campestris)叶片的致病力。结果显示,供试菌株的形态型可以分为菌丝型和菌核型两类,其中40.56%为菌丝型,59.44%为菌核型,在菌丝型中有M1、M2、M3、M4、M5和M6等6个亚型,以M6亚型菌株最多,在菌核型中有S1、S2、S3、S4和S6等5个亚型,以S3亚型菌株最多;143个菌株的生长速率变化范围较大,从4.76mm/d到12.91 mm/d,聚类分析可以分为3个等级;所有菌对红地球和马奶均具有致病性,但是致病力分化严重,病斑面积分别在46.03~258.55 mm2和14.80~385.34mm2之间,聚类分析都可以分为4个等级;65个菌株中有62个灰葡萄孢菌株对油菜叶片具有致病性,致病半径在2.88~16.63 mm之间。菌株形态型、致病力与采集地、气候区、寄主来源的相关性分析表明,二者与采集地地理距离、寄主葡萄种类不具有明显相关性,但是与气候区来源具有一定相关性。菌株形态型、生长速率和致病力之间的相关性分析表明,灰葡萄孢对红地球、马奶和油菜的致病力两两之间具有较弱的正相关关系,菌株生长速率与对红地球的致病力具有不显著的弱负相关关系,与对马奶和油菜的致病力具有较显著的弱正相关关系,而灰葡萄孢生长速率和致病力与菌株形态型无明显相关性。本研究为进一步对灰葡萄孢新的形态型进行分子系统学分析,对灰葡萄孢致病力分化机理的研究提供了理论依据,为灰葡萄孢多样性研究和有效防控提供依据。
Vitis vinifera is widely planted in our country. Grape gray mold is one of the most important diseases that endanger the production of grapes. Its pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. In order to understand the relationship between gray grapes Morphological Variation and Pathogenicity Differentiation of Spores of Grape Varieties In this study, morphological observation and growth rate of 143 strains of Botrytis cinerea collected from different grape climatic zones were carried out. Mycelium trauma vaccination The pathogenicity to V.vinifera cv.’Redglobe ’, V.vinifera cv.’Mare Nipple’ and Brassica campestris leaves was determined. The results showed that the morphology of the tested strains could be divided into two types: mycotic and mycotic, of which 40.56% were mycotic, 59.44% were mycotic and mycelium were M1, M2, M3, M4 , M5 and M6, etc. There were 5 subtypes of S1 subtype, S1 subtype, S2 S3 subtype, S4 S4 subtype and S6 subtype, and S3 subtype subtype. The growth of 143 strains The rate of change ranged from 4.76mm / d to 12.91mm / d. Cluster analysis could be divided into three grades. All of the strains were pathogenic to Red Globe and horse milk, but the pathogenicity was serious, The area was between 46.03 and 258.55 mm2 and 14.80 to 385.34 mm2 respectively, and the cluster analysis could be divided into four grades. Among the 65 strains, 62 strains of Botrytis cinerea were pathogenic to rape leaves and the pathogenic radius was 2.88 ~ 16.63 mm. Correlation analysis showed that there was no obvious correlation between the morphological type, pathogenicity and the place of collection, climatic zone and host source, which indicated that there was no obvious correlation between the geographical distance and host grape variety, but had some correlation with the source of climatic zone. Correlation analysis of the morphological type, growth rate and pathogenicity showed that Botrytis cinerea had a weak positive correlation between the pathogenicity of Red Globe, horse milk and canola, and the growth rate of The pathogenicity of red globe had insignificant weak negative correlation with pathogenicity of horse milk and canola, while the growth rate and virulence of Botrytis cinerea had no significant difference with that of strain Correlation. In this study, molecular phylogenetic analysis of the new morphological type of Botrytis cinerea also provided a theoretical basis for the study of the pathogenicity differentiation of Botrytis cinerea, which provided the basis for the study on the diversity of Botrytis cinerea and its effective prevention and control.