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为获得稳定纯合的同源四倍体黄瓜材料,采用多种分化培养基对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)未授粉子房培养形成的胚进行培养。结果共获得33个再生植株,经染色体计数后发现7株为同源四倍体植株(2n=4x=28)。利用SSR手段对获得的同源四倍体植株进行了同质性鉴定,发现均为纯合子。利用形态学观察和染色体计数法对同源四倍体单株自交后代的遗传稳定性进行了研究,结果表明自交后代倍性没有发生变异。对此类型同源四倍体植株和经秋水仙素诱导获得的同源四倍体植株分别进行了花粉可染率、花粉萌发率及自交结籽数的观察,发现前者具有高的育性,自交结籽数为15～34粒。上述结果表明,黄瓜未授粉子房培养是获得同源四倍体的一条途径,获得的稳定纯合且育性好的同源四倍体材料可作为特异资源用于黄瓜倍性育种。
In order to obtain stable homozygous autotetraploid cucumber materials, embryos formed from non-pollination ovary culture of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were cultured in various differentiation media. Results A total of 33 regenerated plants were obtained. Seven chromosomes were autotetraploid plants (2n = 4x = 28). The homology identification of the autotetraploid plants obtained by SSR was found to be homozygous. The genetic stability of autotetraploid autotetraploid progeny was studied by morphological observation and chromosome counting. The results showed that there was no variation in the ploidy of selfing offspring. The autotetraploid plants and the autotetraploid plants induced by colchicine were observed pollen viability, pollen germination rate and the number of seeds self-cross, found that the former has high fertility, Self-selfing seed number of 15 to 34. The above results show that cucumber un-pollination ovary culture is one way to obtain autotetraploid, and the obtained stable, homozygous and fertile autotetraploid material can be used as a specific resource for ploid breeding of cucumber.