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雌激素(Estrogen)是人体内常见的类固醇激素,它不仅仅在生殖系统中发挥重要作用,在神经保护方面也扮演重要角色。目前研究发现雌激素发挥作用的途径主要有两种:受体依赖途径及非受体依赖途径。可以协同表达神经营养因子,调节突触及轴突长度,上调抗细胞凋亡蛋白,舒张血管增加血流量,抗氧化应激,抗兴奋性氨基酸的毒性作用等发挥保护作用。近年来的研究发现雌激素还与线粒体的关系密切,线粒体功能在神经退行性病变的发生发展中有着举足轻重的作用,雌激素可以抑制线粒体内活性氧的生成,稳定线粒体膜电位及细胞内Ca2+稳态,减轻细胞的损伤。本文主要从以上几方面对雌激素神经保护作用进行讨论。
Estrogen is a common steroid hormone in human body. It not only plays an important role in the reproductive system, but also plays an important role in neuroprotection. The current study found that estrogen has two main ways to play a role: receptor-dependent pathway and non-receptor-dependent pathway. It can play a protective role by co-expressing neurotrophic factors, regulating synapse and axon length, up-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins, relaxing blood vessels and increasing blood flow, anti-oxidative stress and anti-excitatory amino acid toxicity. Recent studies have found that estrogen is also closely related to mitochondria, mitochondrial function plays a decisive role in the development of neurodegeneration, estrogen can inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca2 + stability State, reduce cell damage. This article mainly from the above aspects of estrogen neuroprotection are discussed.