论文部分内容阅读
食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)骨骼发育具有性别二态性,雄鱼臀鳍与第14、15和16椎体脉棘的形态特化受雄激素所调控,因此可以作为生物标志物监测水环境中的雄激素污染。本文利用食蚊鱼臀鳍和椎体脉棘形态变化为指标,调查了生活在受城市废水严重污染的广州市河涌中的食蚊鱼受内分泌干扰物影响的现状。根据食蚊鱼生长情况和捕鱼的便利性,选择广州市海珠涌中下游宝岗大道段(BG)、洪德路段(HD)和黄埔涌中下游赤岗路段(CG)、苗艺路段(MY)4个采样点,同时设置不受城市废水污染的华南师范大学校区内的中心湖作对照点(REF)。测量了雌、雄食蚊鱼第4臀鳍条长度和第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值,并采用食蚊鱼第14、15和16椎体脉棘的总长(L,μm)、投影长度(P,μm)、尾部尖端到脊柱的高度(D,μm),以及L︰D、P︰D和P︰L的比值来评价食蚊鱼骨骼形态变化。结果,与对照点相比,夏冬两季海珠涌和黄埔涌4个采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的第4臀鳍条长度显著延长(P<0.05或P<0.01),第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值明显增大(P<0.05或P<0.01),成年雌性食蚊鱼臀鳍显现形态雄性化的特征;尽管4个采样点成年雄性食蚊鱼第4臀鳍条长度均显著小于对照点(P<0.01),但是所有采样点的成年雄性食蚊鱼第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值则无明显差异(P>0.05)。与对照点(REF)相比,夏冬两季海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG)、洪德路段(HD)和黄埔涌苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼第14、15、16椎体脉棘的投影长度(P)显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG),黄埔涌赤岗路段(CG)和苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的P︰D比值显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG)和洪德路段(HD),黄埔涌苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的P︰L比值也显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);成年雌性食蚊鱼的第14、15、16椎体脉棘出现了骨质增生,增长,并向前倾斜,显示不同程度的形态雄性化特征。可是,各采样点成年雄性食蚊鱼第14、15、16椎体脉棘的投影长度(P)、P︰D和P︰L比值则没有明显变化(P>0.05)。结果表明,广州河涌水体中的环境内分泌干扰物对食蚊鱼产生明显的形态雄性化效应。
The skeleton development of Gambusia affinis is sexually dimorphic and male morphins of the anal fin and the vertebrae of the 14th, 15th, and 16th vertebral bodies are regulated by androgens and thus can be used as biomarkers to monitor water environment Androgen contamination. In this paper, analgesic status of the mosquitoes in the river creek in Guangzhou City severely polluted by urban wastewater were investigated using the morphological changes of the anal fins and vertebral arteries as the indicators. According to the growth of mosquitoes and the fishing convenience, Baogong Avenue section (BG), Hongde section (HD) and Chigang section (CG) of middle and lower reaches of Huangpu Bay, Miao-yi section MY) 4 sampling points, meanwhile, the center lake in South China Normal University campus that is not polluted by urban wastewater is set as the reference point (REF). The ratio of the length of the 4th anal fin to the length of the 4th analgesic and the 6th anal fin of the female and male mosquitoes was measured and the total length (L, μm) of the spines of vertebrae 14, 15 and 16 of the mosquito fish was measured. The projection length (P, μm), the ratio of tip to spine height (D, μm), and the ratio of L: D, P: D and P: L. The results showed that the length of the fourth anal fin of adult female mosquitoes was significantly prolonged (P <0.05 or P <0.01) at 4 sampling points in summer and winter at both Haizhuyong and Huangpuyong, (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The anal fins of adult female mosquito were characterized by male morphogenesis. Although the length of the 4th anal fin of adult mosquito was significantly lower than that of the control (P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the ratio of the length of the 4th and 6th anal fin of adult mosquitoes in all sampling sites. Compared with the reference point (REF), adult female mosquito fish were collected at the 14th, 15th and the 15th day of female mosquitoes sampling at Gongbao Avenue section (BG), Hongde section (HD) and Miaoyi section of Huangpu Chung (MY) (P <0.05 or P <0.01); the length of the projection length (P) of vertebrae spine was significantly increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01); the sampling points of Gongbao section (BG), Chigang section (CG) The P: D ratio of adult female mosquito fish increased significantly (P <0.05 or P <0.01), and the sampling points of BG and HD of Haobarongling and Miao-Yi section of Huangpu Chung (MY) The P: L ratio of female mosquitoes also increased significantly (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The osteoclasts of 14th, 16th and 16th vertebrae of adult female mosquito fish showed hyperosteogeny and increased and tilted forward , Showing different degrees of morphological characteristics of male. However, the projection lengths (P), P: D and P: L ratios of 14th, 15th and 16th vertebral bodies of adult mosquitoes did not change significantly (P> 0.05). The results showed that environmental endocrine disruptors in Guangzhou creek water had obvious morphological male effect on mosquito fish.