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根据灌区盐量平衡原理 ,采用实际监测资料 ,对渭干河及其所属的库车、沙雅、新和县平原绿洲灌区进行盐均衡分析 ,深入探讨了临界灌排比的影响因素及其确定方法。研究结果表明 :(1)灌排比的概念简捷明了 ,体现了干旱区水利建设、灌溉农业的特点 ,可作为衡量干旱区绿洲灌区水盐运动状况的一个指标 ,同时亦是进行灌排管理、规划设计的科学依据。 (2 )临界灌排比与灌溉引水量、排水量、河水含盐浓度、排水含盐浓度等因素有关。渭干河、库车、沙雅、新和灌区临界灌排比分别为 10 .80 ,6 .5 5 ,2 0 .0 9,2 1.48。若没有特殊的地形地貌 ,干旱区绿洲灌区临界灌排比为 2 1左右。 (3)在干旱区进行水量平衡计算 ,制定灌溉制度以及进行灌溉排水管理时 ,应保证有一定量的深层渗漏 ,便于淋洗盐分 ,同时应完善排水系统 ,使灌区在小于临界灌排比下运行。
According to the principle of salt balance in irrigation area, the salt balance analysis of Weigan River and its affiliated Kuqa, Shaya and Xinhe plain oasis irrigation areas is carried out based on the actual monitoring data. The influential factors of critical irrigation and drainage ratio and their determination methods are discussed in depth . The results show that: (1) The concept of irrigation and drainage ratio is simple and concise, which reflects the characteristics of water conservancy construction and irrigated agriculture in arid areas. It can be used as an index to measure the movement of water and salt in the oasis irrigation districts of arid areas. At the same time, The scientific basis of design. (2) Critical irrigation and drainage ratio is related to factors such as irrigation water diversion, displacement, water salinity, drainage salinity and so on. The critical irrigation and drainage ratios of Weigan River, Kuche, Shaya, Xinhe Irrigation District were 10 .80, 6.55, 2.09, and 1.48, respectively. Without special topography, the critical irrigation and drainage ratio in arid irrigated area is about 21. (3) When calculating the water balance in the arid area, formulating the irrigation system and carrying out irrigation and drainage management, a certain amount of deep seepage should be ensured to facilitate the salt washing. At the same time, the drainage system should be perfected so that the irrigated area can be operated at less than the critical irrigation and drainage ratio .