《邦联条例》和《合众国宪法》同为美国历史上的重要文献,两者的制定意义各不相同。《邦联条例》充分反映了当时美国人对联邦制的理解。根据条例,美利坚合众国不是一个主权统一的国家,《条例》下的邦联是各主权州的联盟,并不直接对各州人民负责,只对各州的立法机关和政府负责。在这种背景下,邦联国会并未拥有有效的征税权、关税权以及管理州际贸易等这些重要的权力。条例也没有建立一个独立的中央执法机构,而是将国会休会期间的事务交给国会下属的委员会和一群国会秘 The Confederation Ordinance and the Constitution of the United States are both important documents in the history of the United States, and their formulation has different meanings. The Confederation Ordinance fully reflects the Americans’ understanding of federalism. According to the regulations, the United States of America is not a sovereign and reunified country. The confederation under the “Regulations” is a coalition of sovereign states and is not directly responsible to the people of other states but only to the legislatures and governments of the states. In this context, the Confederation Congress does not have the important power of taxing, customs, and interstate commerce. Instead of establishing an independent central law enforcement agency, the ordinance provides for the transfer of the affairs of the Congress during the adjournment to the members of the Diet and a group of parliamentary secretaries