绪言肾脏及输尿管的X线造影及膀胱镜检查法,在泌尿外科临床诊断上有决定性的意义。肾及输尿管造影法虽很多,而常用只有两种,即逆行性和排泄性肾盂及输尿管造影法。常因膀胱病变严重或容量过小,输尿管堵塞,尿道狭窄等,无法行膀胱镜检或逆行性肾孟造影,而排泄性肾盂造影虽可延长时间连续撮影,但肾盂及输尿管亦有不显影,或显影并不清楚,这是临床诊断上困难的问题。一部分病人易误认为双肾病变严重,放弃应有的外科治疗。1955年稻田务氏首次报告直接肾盂造影获得良好效果。著者同年试 Introduction Kidney and ureter X-ray and cystoscopy in the clinical diagnosis of urology has a decisive significance. Although many renal and ureterography, and commonly used only two, namely, retrograde and excretory renal pelvis and ureterography. Often due to severe bladder disease or capacity is too small, ureteral obstruction, urethral stricture, cystoscopy or retrograde renal disease can not be scintigraphy, and although the excretory pyelography can extend the time for continuous summary, but the pelvis and ureter also have no imaging, Or development is not clear, which is a difficult clinical diagnosis. Some patients are easily mistaken for serious renal disease, to give up the appropriate surgical treatment. 1955 Paddy’s first report of direct pyelography achieved good results. Author in the same year test