近代城市是官办救济事业的集中地。随着水旱灾害和战乱的频发,大批农村贫困人口向城市的转移加剧了城市济贫的负担,也促成了城市救济事业的发达。在城市救济事业的兴办中,天津地方政府除了设立救济机构,对贫民进行集中教养以外,还实施了一系列其他社会救济,如举办冬赈和设立贫 Modern cities are the center of government-run relief. With frequent floods and droughts and wars, the transfer of large numbers of rural poor to cities has exacerbated the burden of urban poverty-relief and contributed to the development of urban relief. In the establishment of urban relief undertakings, apart from setting up relief agencies and intensive education for the poor, local governments in Tianjin implemented a series of other social remedies such as organizing winter relief and setting up poverty