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目的:调查初中生焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法:用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)、父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)、艾森克人格问卷(少年版)、应对方式问卷,对上海市杨浦区一所中学288名11~14岁学生进行调查。结果:焦虑组与对照组在出生时情况、家庭结构、是否独生子女方面差异均存在显著性(P均<0.05)。两组在应对方式,自责,幻想,退避,合理性,解决问题,求助,父亲惩罚、严厉,拒绝、否认,过分保护;母亲过分干涉,惩罚,情感温暖、理解,人格精神质,神经质,掩饰各因子差异均存在显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。相关分析发现广泛性焦虑与母亲的过分干涉,过分保护,精神质明显正相关,学校恐怖与自责、精神质明显正相关;广泛性焦虑与掩饰程度、分离性焦虑与幻想明显负相关。结论:初中生有明显的焦虑情绪,父母养育方式,个性,应对方式是焦虑的影响因素。
Objective: To investigate junior high school students anxiety and its influencing factors. Methods: SCARED, EMBU, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Coping Style Questionnaire were used to investigate the relationship between SCARED, 288 secondary school students in Yangpu District, Shanghai Aged students to investigate. Results: There was significant difference between the anxiety group and the control group in terms of birth, family structure and whether or not only child (P <0.05). The two groups in the coping style, self-blame, fantasy, evasion, rationality, problem solving, help, father punishment, harsh, refused, denied, overprotective; mother over interference, punishment, emotional warmth, understanding, personality, neuroticism, Cover all the differences were significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Correlation analysis found that extensive anxiety and mothers excessive interference, excessive protection, the spirit of a clear positive correlation between school terror and self-blame, the spirit of the positive correlation; general anxiety and disguise degree, separation anxiety and fantasy negatively correlated. Conclusion: Junior high school students have obvious anxiety, parenting style, personality, coping style are the influencing factors of anxiety.