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目的研究比较正常壮语儿童及不完全性腭裂、单侧完全性腭裂、双侧完全性腭裂壮语儿童的单发元音/a/、/i/、/w/的能量衰减指数:鼻腔共振指数(nasal resonance index,NRI)及VLHR(voice low tone to high tone ratio),探讨能够反映壮语不同腭裂类型过高鼻音特点的观察指标。方法应用Praat语音分析软件对15名壮语健康儿童及35例壮语腭裂儿童的语音进行声学分析。结果元音/i/的鼻腔共振指数与鼻音判听分数呈高度正相关(r=0.79,P<0.001);元音/a/的鼻腔共振指数与鼻音判听分数呈中度负相关,相关系数(r=-0.69,P<0.05);元音/w/的鼻腔共振指数与鼻音判听分数呈低度负相关,相关系数(r=-0.36,P<0.05)。元音/i/的VLHR与过高鼻音程度呈低度正相关(r=0.42,P<0.05)。而元音/a/、/w/的VLHR与过高鼻音程度的相关性无统计学意义。结论鼻化元音的频谱特点与正常元音相比有明显不同,鼻腔共振指数能够有效的反映鼻化语音的声学特征,尤其是元音/i/、/a/可以作为客观评价的敏感音素。而VLHR不能有效反映鼻化元音的声学特征,因此还不能将其作为客观评价的指标。
Objective To study the energy decay index of single vowel / a /, / i /, / w / in children with normal Zhuang language and incomplete cleft palate, unilateral complete cleft palate and bilateral complete cleft palate children: nasal resonance Nasal resonance index (NRI) and VLHR (voice low tone to high tone ratio) were used to investigate the characteristics of nasopharyngeal mucosa. Methods The voice of 15 children with Zhuang language and 35 children with Zhuang language cleft palate was analyzed by Praat voice analysis software. Results Nasal resonance index of vowel / i / was highly positively correlated with nasal consonance score (r = 0.79, P <0.001). Nasal resonance index of vowel / a / was moderately negative correlated with nasal consonance scores (R = -0.69, P <0.05). The vowel / w / nasal resonance index was negatively correlated with nasal consonance scores (r = -0.36, P <0.05). The vowel / i / VLHR was positively correlated with the excess nasal level (r = 0.42, P <0.05). The vowel / a /, / w / VLHR and excessive nasal level correlation was not statistically significant. Conclusions The nasal vowel frequency spectrum is obviously different from the normal vowel. The nasal resonance index can effectively reflect the acoustic characteristics of nasal speech, especially the vowel / i /, / a / can be used as the objective evaluation of the sensitive phoneme . The VLHR can not effectively reflect the acoustic characteristics of nasal vowels, so it can not be used as an objective evaluation of the indicators.