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本文对63例胸腹水患者进行了染色体检查,并与常规细胞学检查结果作对比,以探讨染色体检查法在临床上的应用价值.63例中经临床最后确诊为恶性者28例,良性者35例。良性例均未查见染色体异常,但恶性例出现染色体异常者24例(85.7％),而细胞学检查却只有13例阳性(46.4％)。细胞学检查为阳性者其染色体都有异常,而查见染色体异常的13例,细胞学检查却为阴性。对比两种检查方法,证实染色体检查法对判断恶性渗出液比较敏感(P<0.01),若结合这两种检查法可使检出率提高到96.43％。染色体检查法不足之处是:当查不到核分裂相时无法提供诊断意见,而且操作过程也略较常规细胞学检查法繁杂,但仍不失为判断恶性渗出液的有效辅助手段. 根据本文实验结果,认为判断为恶性的主要标准是查见超二倍体以上的非整倍体;并认识到发生误诊的主要原因是技术上的失败,例如染色体的人为丢失,分散度欠佳,计数不精确。
In this paper, 63 patients with ascites and pleural effusion were examined by chromosome and compared with the results of routine cytology in order to explore the clinical value of chromosomal test in 63 cases of clinically diagnosed as malignant in 28 cases, benign 35 example. None of the benign cases had chromosomal abnormalities, but 24 (85.7%) had chromosomal abnormalities in malignant cases and 13 (46.4%) in cytological tests. Cytological examination was positive in the chromosomes are abnormal, and check the chromosomal abnormalities in 13 cases, cytology was negative. Comparing the two methods, it was confirmed that chromosomal test was more sensitive in judging malignant exudate (P <0.01). The combination of these two methods could increase the detection rate to 96.43%. Chromosome inspection method is inadequate is: when the nuclear fission phase can not provide diagnostic advice, and the operation process is also slightly more complicated than conventional cytology, but still an effective adjunct to determine the malignant exudate.According to the experimental results , The main criterion for determining malignancy was finding of aneuploidies that were hyperdiploids; and recognized that the primary cause of misdiagnosis was technical failure, such as loss of human chromosomes, poor dispersion, and inaccurate counts .