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目的了解外来务工人员子女健康知识、行为及其影响因素,为引导其树立正确的健康观念和养成良好的行为习惯提供科学依据。方法分层整群随机抽取闵行、松江共3所外来务工人员子女学校四～六年级637名学生进行问卷调查,同时对学校的5名卫生教师进行个人深入访谈,并对2名六年级女生家长和2名六年级男生家长进行访谈。结果外来务工人员子女的健康知识综合得分平均为(22.29+7.53)分,其中疾病预防知识得分平均为(6.65+3.30)分;生长发育和青春期保健知识得分平均为(1.90+1.53)分。健康行为得分中位数为20分。Logistic逐步回归分析表明,学校、年级、父亲文化程度和健康知识综合得分水平是健康行为得分水平的相关因素。学校在学生的健康教育中发挥着主导作用,健康教育模式以及周围环境的支持等均对学生的健康行为产生重要影响。结论学校、家庭和社会应共同关注外来务工人员子女的健康教育,将学校教育、家庭教育与社区教育结合起来,共同引导外来务工人员子女树立正确的健康观念,养成良好的行为习惯。
Objective To understand the health knowledge, behavior and influencing factors of migrant workers’ children and provide a scientific basis for guiding them to establish correct concept of health and develop good behavior habit. Methods A total of 637 students from the fourth to sixth grade of Migrant Workers School in Minhang and Songjiang were randomly selected from the stratified cluster to conduct a questionnaire survey. At the same time, five private health teachers in the school were interviewed in person and the parents of 6 sixth grade girls Interview with 2 sixth-grade boys. Results The average score of health knowledge of migrant workers’ children was (22.29 + 7.53) points, of which the average score of disease prevention knowledge was (6.65 + 3.30) points. The average score of knowledge of growth and adolescent health was (1.90 + 1.53) points. The median score of health behavior is 20 points. Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the comprehensive score of school, grade, father’s education level and health knowledge are the related factors of the healthy behavior score. Schools play a leading role in students ’health education, and health education modes and the support of the surrounding environment have a significant impact on students’ health behaviors. Conclusions Schools, families and society should pay close attention to the health education of migrant workers’ children and integrate school education, family education and community education together to guide migrant workers and their children to establish correct concept of health and develop good behavior habits.