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目的了解城市居民心理压力管理行为及与心理压力的关系。方法样本来自于杭州、广州、重庆和太原4个城市的多阶段抽样。资料以家庭访问调查得到。压力使用中文版知觉压力量表(CPSS)来测量。从3880份问卷中得到3679份 CPSS 测量合格问卷,压力管理策略包括认知和行为策略,前者分为积极的、中性的和消极的三方面,后者分为寻求支持、释放和转移、放松和分散3种。进行使用频数和知觉效果两方面的评估。多元分析用于检验各种压力管理策略与压力的关系。结果全样本 CPSS 均值为24.22,标准差为5.81。健康危险性压力(HRS)率为44.54%(95% CI:42.90%～46.12%)。多元分析显示积极的和中性认知策略中的“随缘”的具有显著的减缓压力的效果,其他的则无作用。行为策略中,除了寻求社会支持外,其他的都具有显著的减少压力的效果。结论这些有效的压力管理策略可以作为制定压力管理方案的依据。
Objective To understand the psychological stress management behavior of urban residents and its relationship with psychological stress. The method samples come from multistage sampling in four cities of Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chongqing and Taiyuan. Data is obtained from home visit surveys. Pressure was measured using the Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). 3679 CPSS measurement questionnaires were obtained from 3880 questionnaires. The stress management strategies include cognitive and behavioral strategies. The former is divided into positive, neutral and negative aspects. The latter is divided into seeking support, release and transfer, relaxation And scattered three kinds. The frequency of use and perception of both aspects of the assessment. Multivariate analysis is used to test the relationship between various stress management strategies and stress. Results The mean CPSS of all samples was 24.22 and the standard deviation was 5.81. Health risk pressure (HRS) rate was 44.54% (95% CI: 42.90% ~ 46.12%). Multivariate analysis showed significant “relief” in positive and neutral cognitive strategies, while others showed no effect. Behavioral strategies, in addition to seeking social support, others have significant effect of reducing stress. Conclusion These effective stress management strategies can be used as a basis for developing a stress management program.