随着科学技术的发展,电子技术和自动化技术正迅速地应用到各个领域中去。例如自动检测,自动控制,自动跟踪,遥测遥控等,直至人工智能装置。如果被检测或被控制的量不是电信号,那么把各种各样的物理量变成电信号来测量的元件,就是所谓敏感元件。在仪器仪表中所使用的这样的敏感元件是多种多样的。而半导体在光、电、热、磁等因素作用下会产生光电、热电、雷尔、磁阻、压电、场和隧道等效应,利用这些效应可以制做各种具有独特性能的敏感元件。由于这些半导体元件具有灵敏度高、重量轻、响应快、工作电压低等特点而受到人们重视,特别是随着对半导体材料性质的深入了解和半导体元件技术的迅速发 With the development of science and technology, electronic technology and automation technology are rapidly applied to all fields. Such as automatic detection, automatic control, automatic tracking, telemetry remote control, etc., until the artificial intelligence device. If the amount detected or controlled is not an electrical signal, then the various physical quantities into electrical signals to measure the components, is the so-called sensor. The number of such sensitive components used in instrumentation is varied. The semiconductor in the light, electricity, heat, magnetism and other factors will produce photovoltaic, pyroelectric, Rayleigh, magnetoresistive, piezoelectric, field and tunnel effects, the use of these effects can be made with a variety of sensitive components with unique properties. Due to their high sensitivity, light weight, fast response and low operating voltage, these semiconductor devices are attracting much attention, especially as semiconductor devices are rapidly gaining insight and understanding of the nature of semiconductor devices